After reading this chapter and analyzing the content, it is assumed that you can: - List characteristics possessed by echinoderms found in no other phylum.
- Provide evidence that echinoderms were derived from an ancestor with bilateral symmetry.
- Distinguish the following groups of echinoderms from each other: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea.
- Explain the difference between open and closed ambulacral grooves.
- Describe the operation of the water–vascular system.
- Compare and contrast the following functions in sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and crinoids: respiration, feeding and digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
- Briefly describe development in sea stars, including metamorphosis.
- Provide evidence that ancestral echinoderms were sessile.
- Explain how echinoderms are important to humans.
- Discuss the major difference in the function of the coelom in holothurians compared with other echinoderms.
- Provide support for the hypothesis that the ancestor of eleutherozoan groups was a radial, sessile organism.
- Compare and contrast characteristics of Hemichordata and Echinodermata.
- Distinguish Enteropneusta from Pterobranchia.
- Describe how Chaetognaths feed.
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