After reading this chapter and analyzing the content, it is assumed that you can: - Briefly describe the fishes citing characteristics that distinguish them from all other animals.
- List the characteristics that distinguish hagfishes and lampreys from all other fishes.
- Compare and contrast feeding behavior in hagfishes and lampreys.
- Discuss the life cycle of sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, and the history of their invasion of the Great Lakes.
- Explain why sharks are well equipped for a predatory life habit.
- Describe the function of the lateral line system.
- Explain how bony fishes differ from sharks and rays in the following systems or features: skeleton, scales, buoyancy, respiration, and reproduction.
- Construct a cladogram that includes the following groups of fishes: chondrosteans, elasmobranchs, hagfishes, holocephalins, lampreys, lungfishes, teleosts. Add the following synapomorphies to the diagram: claspers, cranium, endochondral bone, fleshy fins, jaws, vertebrae.
- List the characteristics of teleosts that contributed to their diversity and abundance.
- List the morphological characteristics that distinguish lobe–finned fishes.
- Name the geographical locations of the three surviving genera of lungfishes and explain how they differ in their ability to survive out of water.
- Compare the swimming movement of eels with those of trout, and explain why the latter are more efficient for rapid locomotion.
- Describe how sharks and bony fishes approach or achieve neutral buoyancy.
- Describe counter–current flow as it applies to fish gills.
- Compare the osmotic problem and mechanism of osmotic regulation in freshwater and marine bony fishes.
- Explain how the carnivores and suspension feeders, the two principal groups of fishes with respect to feeding behavior, are adapted for their feeding behavior.
- Describe how the Pacific salmon find their way back to their parent stream to spawn.
- Compare and contrast reproduction in marine pelagic fishes and in freshwater fishes.
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