After reading this chapter and analyzing the content, it is assumed that you can:

1. Describe the structure of the arthropod exoskeleton and understand the difference in the way the cuticle hardens in crustaceans and insects.
   
   
2. Discuss the structure and organization of the epidermis and dermis, including the structural derivatives of the two layers.
   
   
3. Differentiate between structural colors and colors based on pigments and describe the function of each pigment type.
   
   
4. Relate the structure and organization of compact bone and the role of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in maintaining that structure.
   
   
5. Describe problems associated with the weight bearing ability of bone as animals increase in size and the solutions to the problems evidenced in larger animals.
   
   
6. Identify the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
   
   
7. Diagram the structure of a cilium and flagellum and explain how the "9+2" arrangement of microtubules functions to produce motion.
   
   
8. Explain the operation of the sliding filament model of skeletal muscle contraction.
   
   
9. Describe the operation of skeletal muscle tissue under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
   
   
10. Discuss the different types of fibers in vertebrate skeletal muscle.