After reading this chapter and analyzing the content, it is assumed that you can:

1. Describe the regions of a neuron, the types of neurons, and the effect of myelin in nerve impulse conduction.
   
   
2. Discuss the function of glial cells in the mammalian nervous system.
   
   
3. Explain the distribution of ions across the plasma membrane in a resting neuron.
   
   
4. Describe the ionic and electrical changes that occur during passage of an action potential along an axon.
   
   
5. Compare and contrast ways in which invertebrates and vertebrates have achieved high velocities for conduction of action potentials.
   
   
6. Describe the microstructure of a chemical synapse and summarize what happens when an action potential arrives at a synapse.
   
   
7. Relate the sequence of events involved in a reflex arc.
   
   
8. Explain the major functions of the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, tectum, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum, and limbic system.
   
   
9. List the functional activities of the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.
   
   
10. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
    
    
11. Discuss the senses of taste and smell in humans.
    
    
12. Describe chemoreception in insects.
    
    
13. Describe the structure of the vertebrate eye and the function of each region.
    
    
14. Explain how sound waves are transmitted through the vertebrate ear.
    
    
15. Relate how the semicircular canals of the ear are designed to detect rotation of a human head in any directional plane.
    
    
16. Explain how we perceive any color in the visible spectrum when our retinas contain only three classes of color cones.