After reading this chapter and analyzing the content, it is assumed that you can: - Describe the relationship between homologous chromosomes, copies of genes, and alleles.
- List and describe the sequence of events in meiosis.
- Describe how the chromosomal mechanisms determining sex in bugs, humans and butterflies differ.
- Be able to diagram various monohybrid and dihybrid crosses utilizing the Punnett square; determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
- State Mendel's Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment.
- Be able to determine patterns of inheritance in various crosses of individuals.
- Define euploidy, aneuploidy, polyploidy, monosomy and trisomy.
- List the purines and pyrimidines in DNA and explain complimentary base pairing.
- Explain how RNA differs from DNA.
- Explain how DNA is replicated.
- Explain transcription of mRNA and how it is processed in the nucleus.
- Explain how mRNA, tRNA and rRNA functions in the synthesis of proteins.
- List the four ways genes are regulated in eukaryotes.
- Explain how recombinant DNA is used in modern molecular genetics and how it is prepared in the laboratory.
- List three sources of genetic recombination that contribute to variation in phenotypes.
- Discern between proto–oncogenes and oncogenes.
- Explain how cancer can be caused by changes in genes.
- Explain what Ras and p53 proteins are; explain why mutations in the genes that code for these proteins might lead to cancer in an individual.
- Outline the steps in polymerase chain reactions.
|
