The rise of democracy offered only one indication of a deeper social impulse to improve American society during the Jacksonian era. Equally important were the various reform movements of the period, which grew out of the religious changes that began on the frontier around the turn of the century and first appeared in camp meetings such as the revival at Cane Ridge, Kentucky (Chapter 9). The revivalists' new methods of converting "sinners"--as well as reformers' more direct attempts to change society--addressed many of the problems that resulted from the expansion of the economy and the dislocation experienced by many Americans during the market revolution. Religious revivalism, perfectionist reform, new democratic politics, and an expanding commercial economy all combined to create an unusual degree of social ferment within American society during the three decades after 1820.