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| 1 | |
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the helping role of community correctional program personnel? |
| | A) | the direct provision of services to offenders |
| | B) | the supervision of offenders |
| | C) | the referral of offenders to various agencies in the community |
| | D) | advocacy |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is NOT a type of probation? |
| | A) | suspended sentence |
| | B) | split sentence |
| | C) | shock |
| | D) | all of the above are types of probation |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental objective of probation agencies? |
| | A) | to assist the court in matters pertaining to sentencing |
| | B) | to incarcerate offenders so that the safety and security of the community is not compromised |
| | C) | to promote the betterment of offenders |
| | D) | to promote community protection by supervising and monitoring persons sentenced to probation |
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| 4 | |
By what year did all states have probation statutes? |
| | A) | 1868 |
| | B) | 1899 |
| | C) | 1924 |
| | D) | 1957 |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of privately prepared PSIs? |
| | A) | improper sentences may be recommended |
| | B) | they can discriminate against the poor |
| | C) | they can reduce credibility and funding from probation agencies |
| | D) | they reduce probation agency workloads and saves tax dollars |
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| 6 | |
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that there is no absolute right to counsel at probation or parole revocation proceedings. Whether the offender is provided with counsel is to be determined on a case-by-case basis and, absent a compelling reason for providing counsel, counsel is unnecessary? |
| | A) | Morrissey v. Brewer (the Supreme Court established that parole revocation and, by implication, probation revocation is to be a two stage process. In the first stage, there must be an informal, preliminary inquiry to establish probable cause that a violation has occurred. In the second stage (assuming that probable cause is established in the first stage), there must be a formal court hearing to determine if the violation warrants revocation) |
| | B) | Gagnon v. Scarpelli |
| | C) | Griffin v. Wisconsin |
| | D) | Mempa v. Rhay |
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| 7 | |
In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court hold that a search warrant based on probable cause is unnecessary for a probation officer to search a probationer's home; that reasonable grounds is a sufficient basis for the search? |
| | A) | Morrissey v. Brewer (the Supreme Court established that parole revocation and, by implication, probation revocation is to be a two stage process. In the first stage, there must be an informal, preliminary inquiry to establish probable cause that a violation has occurred. In the second stage (assuming that probable cause is established in the first stage), there must be a formal court hearing to determine if the violation warrants revocation) |
| | B) | Gagnon v. Scarpelli |
| | C) | Griffin v. Wisconsin |
| | D) | Minnesota v. Murphy |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental objective of parole? |
| | A) | to control the behavior of prison inmates |
| | B) | to promote offender betterment and reintegration into society |
| | C) | to relieve and contain prison crowding |
| | D) | all of the above are fundamental objectives of parole |
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| 9 | |
In what year was federal parole abolished for anyone convicted of a federal crime (after the date of abolition)? |
| | A) | 1837 |
| | B) | 1969 |
| | C) | 1987 |
| | D) | federal parole has not been abolished |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following factors did a recent national study find to be the most important in determining whether to grant or to deny an inmate parole? |
| | A) | seriousness of the current offense |
| | B) | history of prior violent behavior |
| | C) | prior felony convictions |
| | D) | use of a firearm in committing the current offense |
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| 11 | |
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court hold that parole release is an act of grace, is distinct from parole revocation and, thus, is not subject to the due process provisions outlined in Morrissey v. Brewer? |
| | A) | Minnesota v. Murphy |
| | B) | Gagnon v. Scarpelli |
| | C) | Griffin v. Wisconsin |
| | D) | Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex |
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| 12 | |
According to a recent study, which of the following is one of the two most important factors parole authorities consider in determining whether to revoke parole? |
| | A) | the parolee's attitude |
| | B) | the seriousness of the violation |
| | C) | the parolee's number of prior felony convictions |
| | D) | how long the parolee has been on parole |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of parole release? |
| | A) | it undermines both retribution and deterrence |
| | B) | it subtly coerces inmates into programs that are often of questionable effectiveness |
| | C) | it does not sufficiently guarantee public safety |
| | D) | all of the above are criticisms |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following rights does a convicted felon NOT forfeit? |
| | A) | right to hold public office and certain other jobs |
| | B) | right to jury service |
| | C) | right to citizenship |
| | D) | all of the above rights are forfeited |
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| 15 | |
According to John Watkins Jr., which of the following is NOT a central element for establishing liability on the part of parole (and probation) officials? |
| | A) | the existence of a legal duty owed the public |
| | B) | evidence of a breach of the required standard of duty |
| | C) | an injury or damage to a person or group proximately caused by the breach of duty |
| | D) | an injury or damage caused by unsatisfactory performance of discretionary functions |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is NOT a feature of ISP programs, at least in theory? |
| | A) | mandatory curfews |
| | B) | inescapable supervision |
| | C) | specially trained intensive-supervision officers with small caseloads |
| | D) | all are features of ISP programs |
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| 17 | |
When and where were day reporting centers pioneered in the United States? |
| | A) | 1986, Massachusetts |
| | B) | 1969, New York |
| | C) | 1950, Illinois |
| | D) | 1899, Michigan |
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| 18 | |
When and where was the first structured-fine program implemented in the United States? |
| | A) | 1986, Massachusetts |
| | B) | 1899, Michigan |
| | C) | 1988, New York |
| | D) | 1920, Ohio |
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| 19 | |
When did electronic monitoring equipment become readily available in the United States? |
| | A) | 1960s |
| | B) | 1970s |
| | C) | 1980s |
| | D) | 1990s |
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| 20 | |
When did temporary release programs gain widespread popularity among correctional officials? |
| | A) | 1950s |
| | B) | 1960s |
| | C) | 1970s |
| | D) | 1980s |
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| 21 | |
A phenomenon that occurs when offenders placed in a novel program are not the offenders for whom the program was designed, with the consequence that those in the program receive more severe sanctions than they would have received had the new program remained unavailable is known as _____. |
| | A) | net deepening |
| | B) | extinction |
| | C) | net widening |
| | D) | diversion |
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| 22 | |
_____ refers to organized, systematic efforts to remove individuals from further processing in criminal justice by placing them in alternative programs; may be pretrial or post-trial. |
| | A) | probation |
| | B) | diversion |
| | C) | community corrections |
| | D) | net widening |
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| 23 | |
Programs that allow jail or prison inmates to leave the facility for short periods to participate in approved community activities are called _____. |
| | A) | probation |
| | B) | day reporting centers |
| | C) | temporary release |
| | D) | parole |
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| 24 | |
A convicted offender's payment of money or provision of services to the victims, their survivors, or the community that has been victimized is referred to as _____. |
| | A) | probation conditions |
| | B) | structured fine (day fine) |
| | C) | tariff fine |
| | D) | restitution |
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| 25 | |
_____ refers to the return of probationers to crime during or after probation. |
| | A) | revocation |
| | B) | diversion |
| | C) | recidivism |
| | D) | net widening |
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