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| 1.
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The second Triumvirate disintegrated into a power struggle between... |
| | A) | Julius Caesar and Marc Antony. |
| | B) | Lepidus and Octavian. |
| | C) | Marc Antony and Lepidus. |
| | D) | Octavian and Marc Antony. |
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| 2.
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Augustus was praised as "Father of the Fatherland" in part because... |
| | A) | he used his personal wealth to increase his power and popularity. |
| | B) | he forced Romans to worship him as a divine ruler. |
| | C) | Virgil created a patriarchal image of him in the Aeneid. |
| | D) | his title princeps meant father. |
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| 3.
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Marcus Aurelius, an emperor highly educated in law, embraced the customs of _____ at a very young age. |
| | A) | Cynicism |
| | B) | Christianity |
| | C) | Stoicism |
| | D) | Judaism |
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| 4.
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Like Alexander, Augustus increased the strength of his army by... |
| | A) | taxing peasants heavily. |
| | B) | recruiting noncitizens into the army. |
| | C) | looting conquered cities. |
| | D) | encouraging intermarriage of Romans and conquered peoples. |
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| 5.
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If women bore three children, Roman law exempted women from... |
| | A) | taxes. |
| | B) | participation in Roman cults. |
| | C) | male guardianship. |
| | D) | marriage. |
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| 6.
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Roman physicians believed that sexual intercourse... |
| | A) | strengthened men and weakened women. |
| | B) | weakened men but did not have the same impact on women. |
| | C) | was immoral and should be discouraged. |
| | D) | produced an imbalance of the four humors. |
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| 7.
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Local amphitheaters in major Roman cities provided a venue for... |
| | A) | contests of poetry and drama. |
| | B) | expressions of Roman power, virtue, and generosity. |
| | C) | mystery cult rituals. |
| | D) | democratic political participation. |
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| 8.
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Septimius' reforms may have kept some of Rome's problems at bay, but the legacy of _____ threatened Rome's stability. |
| | A) | multiculturalism |
| | B) | an underpaid army |
| | C) | an expensive and powerful army |
| | D) | a civilian government |
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| 9.
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Diocletian organized the government into a tetrarchy, which divided the empire into... |
| | A) | thirds. |
| | B) | four parts. |
| | C) | a western and an eastern half. |
| | D) | dioceses. |
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| 10.
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The most important factor in the so-called "fall of Rome" was... |
| | A) | invasions of people from the north. |
| | B) | economic decline and inflation. |
| | C) | invasions of people from the east and south. |
| | D) | the clash between military and civilian power in the government. |
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| 11.
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New philosophies like Neo-Platonism typically attracted _____ people, as had the similar philosophies of the Hellenistic kingdoms. |
| | A) | educated, prosperous |
| | B) | alienated |
| | C) | conquered |
| | D) | poor, illiterate |
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| 12.
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Septimius and his wife portrayed themselves as... |
| | A) | Dionysus and a female worshipper. |
| | B) | Stoics. |
| | C) | followers of the Great Mother. |
| | D) | Isis and her consort Serapis. |
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| 13.
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Herod rose to power in Hebron, and with the support of _____, the Roman Senate made him king of Judea. |
| | A) | Octavian |
| | B) | Titus |
| | C) | the Sadducees |
| | D) | Julius Caesar |
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| 14.
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For the Zealots, _____ was a crucial event that shaped their approach toward the problem of maintaining a Jewish identity. |
| | A) | the Maccabean revolt |
| | B) | the destruction of the first Temple |
| | C) | the destruction of the second temple |
| | D) | the covenant |
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| 15.
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Like many others in the Roman world, the apostles believed that _____ indicated divine presence. |
| | A) | martyrdom |
| | B) | a large following |
| | C) | a message of peace and love |
| | D) | prophecy and miracles |
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| 16.
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In the earliest period of the spread of Christianity, converts usually met in... |
| | A) | makeshift churches. |
| | B) | Jewish temples. |
| | C) | the houses of other converts. |
| | D) | public places like the amphitheater. |
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| 17.
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In the third century, emperors trying to quell a crisis tried to force all subjects of the empire, with the exception of the Jews, to... |
| | A) | worship the imperial cult. |
| | B) | worship the cult of Isis. |
| | C) | convert to Christianity. |
| | D) | tolerate other religions. |
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| 18.
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Once the empire embraced Christianity, _____ became the backbone of imperial governance and increasingly handled secular affairs. |
| | A) | city councils |
| | B) | provincial governors |
| | C) | bishops |
| | D) | parishes |
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| 19.
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The Donatist heresy was a split among Christians over... |
| | A) | the nature of Christ. |
| | B) | whether the behavior of a priest effected the validity of the sacraments. |
| | C) | the relation between church and state. |
| | D) | the massacre of rebellious citizens. |
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| 20.
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In Confessions, Augustine argued that... |
| | A) | Original Sin was passed on to new generations through semen. |
| | B) | the church should care for widows. |
| | C) | Original Sin was acquired with age. |
| | D) | Christians could not read traditional Roman literature. |
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| 21.
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Christians fled to the desert to escape... |
| | A) | recruitment into the Roman army. |
| | B) | persecution and taxes. |
| | C) | asceticism. |
| | D) | the plague. |
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| 22.
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Augustus devised a system of government led by a single ruler, the Emperor. However, he did not resolve the mechanism by which Emperors would succeed one another. As a consequence, his death in 14 AD was followed by... |
| | A) | rule by a series of Emperors related to Augustus' family. |
| | B) | a series of civil wars among Roman generals who sought the principate. |
| | C) | the return of traditional Republican government. |
| | D) | anarchy. |
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| 23.
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Mithraism was... |
| | A) | a neo-platonic philosophy. |
| | B) | the cult of Isis. |
| | C) | the worship of Ahura Mazda. |
| | D) | the cult of Dionysius. |
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| 24.
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Everyday life in the Roman territories was transformed as Christianity gained more and more adherents. All but which one of the following statements accurately describes these transformations? |
| | A) | Christians weren't supposed to read the epic poems of Virgil and Homer. |
| | B) | Gladiator shows became unpopular. |
| | C) | Exposure of infants became less acceptable. |
| | D) | Celibacy became honorable. |
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