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Recommended Primary Sources

• Res Gestae Divi Augusti, c. 14 CE
• Suetonius: The Lives of the Caesar—Nero
• Pliny the Younger: Letters of Pliny on the Christians

The Pax Romana, 27 BC - AD 192

Texts:

• Suetonius: The Lives of the Caesar—The Deified Augustus
• Cicero: Letters
• Tacitus: Admitting Provincials to the Senate, 48 CE
• Tacitus: The Legions Proclaim Vespasian Emperor, 69 CE
• Vegetius: Epitome of Military Science
• Juvenal: Satire II: On the City of Rome, c. 188 CE

Images:

• Leptis Magna, North Africa
• Aqueduct at Caesarea

Life During the Peace of Rome

Text:

• Galen: On the Natural Faculties

Images:

• Roman Couple, Pompeii
• Mosaic of Roman Gladiators

Crisis and Transformation, AD 192 - ca. 400

Texts:

• Internet Medieval Sourcebook: The End of the Classical World
• Petition to the Emperor Philip: On Official and Military Extortion, c. 246 CE
• Diocletian and Constantine: Efforts to Stabilize the Economy
• Sozomen: Constantine Founds Constantinople, 324 CE
• Ammianus Marcellinus: The Battle of Hadrianopolis, 378 CE
• Procopius of Caesarea: Alaric's Sack of Rome

The Longing for Religious Fulfillment

Texts:

• Marcus Aurelius Antonius: Meditations, 167 CE
• Lucius Apuleius: Isis, Queen of Heaven
• The Sermon on the Mount: Matthew 5-7
• Josephus: An Imperial Triumph, 71 CE

Images:

• Mithras Killing a Bull
• Isis & Horus and Mary & Jesus
• Jesus Icon
• Titus Conquering Jerusalem

From Christian Persecution to the City of God, AD 64 - 410

Texts:

• Tacitus: Nero's Persecution of the Christians
• Galerius and Constantine: Edicts of Toleration
• Eusebius: The Conversion of Constantine
• Theodoret: St. Ambrose Humiliates Theodosius the Great
• Jews and the Later Roman Law, 315-531 CE

The Holy Life

Texts:

• Athanasius of Alexandria: Life of St. Antony
• Palladius: The Lausiac History