Site MapHelpFeedbackInstrumentation
Instrumentation

Chapter Outline

What are Data?

Key Questions
Validity, Reliability, and Objectivity
Usability

Means of Classifying Data-Collection Instruments

Who Provides the Information?
Where did the Instrument Come From?
Written Response Versus Performance

Examples of Data-Collection Instruments

Researcher-Completed Instruments
Subject-Completed Instruments
Unobtrusive Measures

Types of Scores

Raw Scores
Derived Scores
Which Scores to Use?

Norm-Referenced Versus Criterion Referenced Instruments

Norm-Referenced Instruments
Criterion-Referenced Instruments

Measurement Scales

Nominal Scales
Ordinal Scales
Interval Scales
Ratio Scales
Measurement Scales Reconsidered

Preparing Data for Analysis

Scoring the Data
Tabulating and Coding the Data








To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its Information Center.
(c)2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.


Design and Evaluate ResearchOnline Learning Center with Powerweb

Home > Chapter 7