Key To Locating Material In This Book That Relates To Praxis II™ Exam

Praxis II™ is a test designed to assess a beginning teacher's professional knowledge in four areas. Here are those areas cross-referenced to chapters in the text that relate to them. (Praxis II™ tests are closely aligned with state INTASC Standards. See Educational Testing Service publication Principles of learning andteaching: Study guide.)

I. Students as Learners
I. A. Student Development and the Learning Process
How learning occurs: Chapter 4
How students construct knowledge: Chapter 8
Developmental differences: Chapter 3
I. B. Students as Diverse Learners
Learning styles: Chapter 3
Multiple intelligences: Chapter 3
Performance modes: Chapter 3
Gender differences: Chapter 3
Cultural differences: Chapters 3, 12
Areas of exceptionality: Chapters 3, 12
Legislation related to exceptionality: Chapter 3
Family and community influence and involvement: Chapter 2
Alternative assessments: Chapter 9
I. C. Student Motivation and the Learning Environment
Motivation: Chapter 5
Effective classroom management skills: Chapter 12
Parent and caregiver communication and
relationships: Chapters 5, 13
Conveying a motivating personality: Chapter 10
Maintaining an orientation toward success: Chapters 10, 12
Pacing and structuring the lesson: Chapters 11, 12
II. Instruction and Assessment
II. A. Instructional Strategies
Cognitive processes: Chapters 4, 6
Major instructional strategies: Chapters 4, 7, 8, 14
II. B. Planning Instruction
Selecting instructional content: Chapter 6
Curriculum standards: Chapter 6
Behavioral objectives: Chapter 6
Lessons and units: Chapter 6
Guided practice: Chapter 11
Optimizing instructional time: Chapters 11, 12
II. C. Assessment Strategies
Cooperative learning: Chapter 8
Direct instruction: Chapter 8
Discovery learning: Chapter 8
Discussion: Chapter 7
Independent study: Chapter 7
Questioning: Chapter 11
Types of assessments: Chapter 9
Characteristics of assessments: Chapter 9
Scoring assessments: Chapter 9
Uses of assessments: Chapter 9
Measurement theory and issues: Chapter 9
Interpreting and communicating assessment results: Chapter 9
III. Communication Techniques
III. A. Effective Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Chapters 10, 11, 12
III. B. Effect of Cultural and Gender Differences on
Chapters 2, 3
III. C. Communications/Interactions That Stimulate
Discussion
Chapters 3, 4, 7, 8 plus:
Probing for learning understanding: Chapter 11
Promoting risk taking: Chapters 10, 11
Facilitating factual recall: Chapter 11
Encouraging convergent and divergent thinking: Chapter 11
IV. Profession and Community
IV. A. The Reflective Practitioner
Chapter 14
IV. B. The Larger Community
Chapters 2, 3, 5
Key