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Multiple Choice Quiz II
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1
Which of the following scales of measurement is a researcher using when he or she measures whether or not an individual makes eye contact with another person?
A)ratio scale
B)interval scale
C)ordinal scale
D)nominal scale
2
Researchers who use narrative records seek to provide a verbal summary of observations and to develop a theory that explains behavior in the narrative records. This approach to data analysis represents
A)qualitative data analysis with comprehensive recording of behavior.
B)qualitative data analysis with selective recording of behavior.
C)quantitative data analysis with comprehensive recording of behavior.
D)quantitative data analysis with selective recording of behavior.
3
The selection of different circumstances, locations, and conditions of observations with the goal of obtaining a representative sample of behavior is called
A)external validity.
B)situation sampling.
C)event sampling.
D)structured observation.
4
A researcher hides in bushes near an intersection to observe and record whether cars come to a full stop at the stop sign. This researcher is conducting
A)disguised participant observation.
B)undisguised participant observation.
C)unobtrusive (nonreactive) observation.
D)structured observation.
5
In order to avoid the problem of _____, it is sometimes necessary to use ________.
A)observer bias; "blind" observers
B)reactivity; unobtrusive observation
C)demand characteristics: "blind" participants
D)all of the above
6
In order to minimize observer bias, researcher should
A)fully explain the research hypothesis to observers.
B)limit the amount of information observers have about the hypothesis.
C)ask observers to code which of their observations are biased.
D)make sure observers read all available published research on the behavior they're observing.
7
In a field experiment, the investigator
A)always manipulates an independent variable in a natural setting.
B)never manipulates an independent variable, but observes behavior in a natural setting.
C)always uses narrative records for recording behavior.
D)always uses qualitative data analysis.
8
A researcher measures participants' speed to push a button on the computer when a stimulus is presented on the computer screen. Which of the following measurement scales describes this reaction time measure?
A)nominal scale
B)ordinal scale
C)interval scale
D)ratio scale
9
Which of the following statements about interobserver reliability is true?
A)High interobserver reliability insures that the observations are valid.
B)Interobserver reliability is generally increased by clearly defining the events to be observed.
C)Interobserver reliability is best when only a few observations are made.
D)It's impossible to have high interobserver reliability, because everyone has a different perspective.
10
Which of the following would be an example of using coding in the process of data reduction?
A)measuring interobserver reliability
B)obtaining a mean number of behaviors after classifying the behaviors into categories
C)classifying behaviors from an observation record into different categories
D)displaying the data using a graph or chart





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