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| 1 | |
Psychologists conduct experiments only to test theories about behavior. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
The three conditions for making a causal inference are covariation, time-order relationship, and holding conditions constant. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Control procedures, holding conditions constant and balancing, are used to establish covariation between an independent variable and a dependent variable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
A one-group pretest-posttest design has the most internal validity of all experimental designs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
The control procedure of balancing is used to assure that participants in the different conditions of an experiment are similar (e.g., in terms of personality, intelligence, and other personal characteristics). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
A confounding is likely when a researcher fails to hold conditions constant across the independent variable conditions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Random assignment is the best method to balance participants' individual differences across the conditions of an independent groups design. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Block randomization is when researchers first test all of the participants in Condition A, then all of the participants in Condition B, and so forth (i.e., the participants are run in "blocks"). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
The best method for balancing individual differences across the conditions of an experiment is to randomly assign intact groups to the conditions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
Selective subject loss is a more serious threat to the internal validity of an experiment than mechanical subject loss. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
A placebo control group is used to control experimenter effects. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
The best way researchers can make a case for the reliability of their findings is to conduct a replication. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
The difference between means for two groups' performance on a dependent variable measure is called the effect size. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that allows researchers to summarize the effect of an independent variable or a dependent variable across many research studies. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
A statistically significant difference between the means of two conditions in an experiment indicates that the outcome has a small likelihood of occurring given an assumption of no effect of the independent variable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
The "level of significance" is the probability value that researchers select to determine whether a statistical finding is larger than what could be expected based simply on chance or error variation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
When the confidence intervals for two population means in an experiment do not overlap, our confidence that the independent variable produced an effect increases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
In general, researchers who are interested in testing theoretical hypotheses are less interested in the external validity of their findings. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
A matched groups design is used when researchers are interested in the effects of individual differences variables. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
The natural groups design is useful for making causal inferences about the effects of individual differences variables (e.g., gender, personality characteristics). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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