Quiz (See related pages) 1 All of the following are characteristics of members of the phylum Echinodermata except one. Select the exception. A) calcareous endoskeleton in the form of ossicles that arise from mesoderm B) adults with pentaradial symmetry C) larvae with radial symmetry D) water vascular system composed of water-filled canals used in locomotion, attachment, and feeding 2 A sieve-like plate that serves as an opening of a sea star's water vascular system to the outside is called the A) ring canal. B) radial canal. C) ampulla. D) madreporite. 3 ______ are canals of the water vascular system that run the length of the arms of star-shaped echinoderms. A) Ring canals B) Radial canals C) Lateral canals D) Hemal canals 4 The following are functions served by echinoderm water vascular systems except one. Select the exception. A) feeding B) storage of gametes C) locomotion D) gas exchange 5 Sea stars belong to the class A) Echinoidea. B) Asteroidea. C) Holothuroidea. D) Crinoidea. 6 Sand dollars belong to the class A) Echinoidea. B) Asteroidea. C) Holothuroidea. D) Ophiuroidea. 7 Sea cucumbers belong to the class A) Concentricycloidea. B) Asteroidea. C) Holothuroidea. D) Crinoidea. 8 Sea lilies and feather stars belong to the class A) Ophiuroidea. B) Asteroidea. C) Holothuroidea. D) Crinoidea. 9 A sea star feeds on a bivalve by everting the _______ into the shell of a bivalve and releasing digestive enzymes from the _____________. A) aboral stomach/the hemal system B) oral stomach/pyloric cecae C) aboral stomach/radial canals D) oral stomach/the hemal system 10 Members of the class ______ are predators and scavengers. They use their arms and tube feet in sweeping motions to collect prey and particulate matter. Their arms are sharply set off from the central disk. A) Ophiuroidea B) Asteroidea C) Holothuroidea D) Crinoidea 11 A chewing apparatus found in members of the class Echinoidea is A) the madreporite. B) Aristotle's lantern. C) the calyx. D) the pedicellaria. 12 ______ are a pair of tubes that attach to the rectum and branch throughout the body cavity of members of the class Holothuroidea. A) Radial canals B) Hemal canals C) Respiratory trees D) Polian vesicles 13 A "mouth-up" feeding posture is found in members of the class A) Ophiuroidea. B) Asteroidea. C) Holothuroidea. D) Crinoidea. 14 Of all living echinoderms, members of the class ______ most closely resemble the oldest fossil echinoderms. A) Concentricycloidea B) Asteroidea C) Holothuroidea D) Crinoidea 15 Echinoderms are most closely related to members of the phylum A) Arthropoda. B) Annelida. C) Mollusca. D) Chordata. 16 The earliest function of the water vascular system of echinoderms was probably locomotion. A) True B) False 17 Even though modern echinoderm adults are pentaradially symmetrical, ancestral echinoderms were probably bilaterally symmetrical. A) True B) False 18 Sea stars are monoecious, and external fertilization results in the formation of bipinaria and brachiolaria larvae that crawl on the ocean floor. A) True B) False 19 Members of the class Holothuroidea possess ossicles that are embedded in the dermis. A) True B) False 20 The fact that most modern echinoderms are predators or scavengers means that ancestral echinoderms were also predators or scavengers. A) True B) False 21 The ophiopluteus is a planktonic larval stage produced by members of the class Holothuroidea. A) True B) False 22 The tentacles of a sea cucumber are used in feeding and branch from radial canals of the water vascular system. A) True B) False 23 A brittle star, if grasped by an arm, may contract muscles that cause the arm to be severed. This process is called autotomy. A) True B) False 24 The presence of suckers on the tube feet of many echinoderms is a derived character that was probably associated with a change from a sedentary, filter-feeding lifestyle to a more active existence. A) True B) False 25 All crinoids are attached permanently to the substrate by a stalk of ossicles. A) True B) False
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