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1All of the following are amniotes except one. Select the exception.
A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals



2Salamanders are members of the order
A)Caudata.
B)Anura.
C)Gymnophiona.
D)Temnospondyli.



3Caecilians are members of the order
A)Caudata.
B)Anura.
C)Gymnophiona.
D)Temnospondyli.



4Members of the order __________ are wormlike burrowers.
A)Caudata
B)Anura
C)Gymnophiona
D)Temnospondyli



5Members of the order __________ have caudal vertebrae fused into a urostyle.
A)Caudata
B)Anura
C)Gymnophiona
D)Temnospondyli



6The major component of the diet of most amphibians is
A)plant matter.
B)other vertebrates.
C)decaying animal flesh.
D)arthropods.



7Members of which of the following groups are most closely related to the salamanders?
A)amniotes
B)Anura
C)Temnospondyli
D)Gymnophiona



8Which of the following regions of the skeleton of an amphibian is the point of attachment of the hind limbs to the vertebral column?
A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)sacral
D)caudal



9______ are processes on trunk vertebrae of amphibians. They provide support when an amphibian is out of the water and prevent twisting of the vertebral column.
A)Urostyles
B)Zygapophyses
C)Neural spines
D)Transverse processes



10All of the following are true of the heart of amphibians except one. Select the exception.
A)It consists of a sinus venosus, two atria, a ventricle, and a conus arteriosus.
B)The atria are completely separated from each other.
C)Blood entering the right side of the heart is often as well oxygenated as blood leaving the heart.
D)There is complete separation of oxygenated and less oxygenated blood throughout the heart.



11The ___________ directs blood away from the pulmonary circulation when a frog is burrowed into the mud at the bottom of a pond.
A)spiral valve
B)constriction of blood vessels leading to the lungs
C)sinus venosus
D)atrioventricular valve



12A portion of the gas exchange in amphibians occurs across the moist surfaces of the mouth and pharynx. This process is called
A)buccopharyngeal respiration.
B)buccal pumping.
C)cutaneous respiration.
D)mouth-to-blood exchange.



13Unlike fishes, the amphibian ear includes a/an
A)inner ear.
B)outer ear.
C)middle ear and tympanic membrane.
D)group of three middle ear ossicles.



14Low frequency warning sounds are transmitted to the inner ear of amphibians through the operculum and the
A)operculum.
B)columella.
C)cecum.
D)incus.



15All but one of the following are used by some adult amphibians when they are on land to conserve water or replace lost water. Select the exception.
A)nocturnal activity patterns
B)absorption of water through the skin
C)formation of parchment-like cocoons
D)intentional drinking



16It is likely that the "amphibians" actually represent paraphyletic groups.
A)True
B)False



17Members of the order Anura possess a tongue that is attached at the anterior margin of the jaw and have glands on the tongue that exude sticky secretions. Their tongue is used in a flip-and-grab feeding mechanism.
A)True
B)False



18Most salamanders have internal fertilization. A male deposits a spermatophore, which is picked up and stored by a female. Eggs are fertilized as the female deposits them.
A)True
B)False



19In adult amphibians, embryonic aortic arch VI becomes pulmonary arteries.
A)True
B)False



20Vision is a very important sense for most amphibians because they are primarily sight feeders.
A)True
B)False



21The upper eyelid of an amphibian forms a transparent membrane that cleans and protects the eye. This membrane is called the nictitating membrane.
A)True
B)False



22Amphibians were the first vertebrates to possess a cervical vertebra. This vertebra increases the flexibility of the vertebral column during locomotion on land.
A)True
B)False







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