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| 1 | The major synapomorphy that distinguishes reptiles, birds, and mammals from other tetrapods is |
 | A) | the amniotic egg. |
| B) | epidermal scales. |
| C) | anapsid skull. |
| D) | endothermy. |
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| 2 | The closest living reptilian relatives of the dinosaurs are the |
| A) | Testudines. |
| B) | Crocodilia. |
| C) | Rhynchocephalia. |
| D) | Squamata. |
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| 3 | A synapsid skull was characteristic of a group of reptiles called synapsids. This group gave rise to |
| A) | modern reptiles. |
| B) | birds. |
| C) | mammals. |
| D) | no other group of animals. |
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| 4 | Cladistic analysis of the amniote lineage indicates that the class Reptilia should probably be abandoned because of the close relationship between the birds and the |
| A) | anapsid lineage (including modern turtles). |
| B) | Archosauria (a diapsid lineage including modern crocodiles and dinosaurs). |
| C) | Lepidosauria (a diapsid lineage including lizards and Sphenodon). |
| D) | synapsid lineage (including mammal-like reptiles and modern mammals). |
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| 5 | The lizards and snakes belong to the order |
| A) | Testudines. |
| B) | Crocodilia. |
| C) | Rhynchocephalia. |
| D) | Squamata. |
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| 6 | The turtles belong to the order |
| A) | Testudines. |
| B) | Crocodilia. |
| C) | Rhynchocephalia. |
| D) | Squamata. |
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| 7 | The dorsal portion of the shell of a turtle is the |
| A) | plastron. |
| B) | carapace. |
| C) | fenestra. |
| D) | diaphysis. |
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| 8 | A kind of bone that makes up long bones of a vertebrate and has a cartilaginous stage in development is called |
| A) | epidermal bone. |
| B) | dermal bone. |
| C) | endochondral bone. |
| D) | embryonic bone. |
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| 9 | Three of the following are true of scales of a fish. One of the following is true of scales of a reptile. Select the statement that is true of reptilian scales. |
| A) | They form in the epidermis of the skin. |
| B) | They are composed, in part, of bone. |
| C) | They are covered by enamel. |
| D) | They contain dentine. |
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| 10 | The evolution of this group has resulted in the reduction or loss of the left lung and displacement of the gallbladder, the right kidney and often the gonads. |
| A) | turtles |
| B) | lizards |
| C) | snakes |
| D) | crocodiles |
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| 11 | The __________ allows an alligator to breathe when its mouth is full of water or food. |
| A) | secondary palate |
| B) | Jacobson's organs |
| C) | pit organs |
| D) | plastron |
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| 12 | All of the following statements regarding reptile hearts are true except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | The ventricle is partially divided in reptiles other than the crocodiles. |
| B) | The conus arteriosus leads to the ventral aorta. |
| C) | The sinus venosus is a functional chamber only in the turtles. |
| D) | Two atria are present. |
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| 13 | Most reptiles excrete ______ as their primary nitrogenous waste product. |
| A) | ammonia |
| B) | urea |
| C) | uric acid |
| D) | creatine |
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| 14 | _____________ of a vipers' skull allow these snakes to swallow any size prey, even those much larger than their mouth opening. |
| A) | The secondary palate |
| B) | Moveable bones of the upper jaw |
| C) | Fangs near the back of the jaw |
| D) | Hinged maxillary bones |
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| 15 | The archosaur lineage of reptiles is shared with members of the class |
| A) | Mammalia. |
| B) | Aves. |
| C) | Amphibia. |
| D) | Osteichthyes. |
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| 16 | The crocodiles, birds, snakes, and lizards are all members of the diapsid lineage. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 17 | Members of the subclass Anapsida lack openings in the temporal region of the skull and include the mammal-like reptiles and the mammals. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 18 | The Cretaceous\Tertiary boundary is marked by an evolutionary explosion that resulted in the adaptive radiation of reptiles. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 19 | A secondary palate, first seen in reptiles, is a plate of bone that separates the nasal passages from the mouth cavity. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 20 | Loosely joined upper and lower jaws, loosely joined skull bones, a moveable upper jaw, and a glottis that is positioned near the front of the mouth are all adaptations of snakes for swallowing prey. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 21 | Olfactory receptors located in pouches that open through the secondary palate of many reptiles are called pit organs. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 22 | Snakes possess a well-developed middle ear cavity, auditory tube, and tympanic membrane. All of these structures give snakes a sensitive apparatus for detecting air-borne vibrations. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 23 | Many reptiles store water in lymphatic spaces under the skin and in the urinary bladder. Many lizards possess salt glands below the eyes for ridding the body of excess salt. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 24 | Most reptiles use internal heat sources for temperature regulation and are, therefore, endotherms. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 25 | The median (parietal) eye of reptiles is an outgrowth of the forebrain. When it is present, it is used as a third, image-forming sensory receptor. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |