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| 1 | All of the following are functions of the nervous system except |
 | A) | communication. |
| B) | integration. |
| C) | coordination. |
| D) | movement. |
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| 2 | The evolution of the nervous system in invertebrates has led to elaboration of organized nerve cords and centralization of responses in the __________ portion of the animal. |
| A) | posterior |
| B) | lateral |
| C) | ventral |
| D) | anterior |
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| 3 | Which of the following parts of a neuron contains a nucleus? |
| A) | axon |
| B) | dendrite |
| C) | cell body |
| D) | neurofibril node |
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| 4 | The concentration of ions on the two sides of a nerve membrane is due primarily to |
| A) | the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. |
| B) | gated channels. |
| C) | open channels for ions. |
| D) | sodium pump. |
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| 5 | A stimulus that is strong enough to initiate a nerve impulse is called the |
| A) | all-or-none law. |
| B) | threshold stimulus. |
| C) | refractory period. |
| D) | action potential. |
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| 6 | Conduction of an action potential along myelinated nerve fibers is known as |
| A) | saltatory conduction. |
| B) | all-or-none law. |
| C) | depolarization. |
| D) | repolarization. |
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| 7 | A neurotransmitter changes the _________ in the plasma membrane of the receptive segment of the postsynaptic cell, creating an action potential in that cell. |
| A) | depolarization potential |
| B) | resting potential |
| C) | refractory period |
| D) | threshold potential |
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| 8 | Which of the following has the most complex form of nervous system organization? |
| A) | protozoa |
| B) | hydras |
| C) | jellyfishes |
| D) | polychaetes |
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| 9 | Which of the following characterize the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system? |
| A) | bilateral symmetry |
| B) | a notochord |
| C) | a tubular nerve cord |
| D) | all of the above (a-c) |
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| 10 | Which of the following is not part of the forebrain in a vertebrate? |
| A) | cerebrum |
| B) | thalamus |
| C) | pineal gland |
| D) | pons |
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| 11 | Which of the following is not part of the vertebrate hindbrain? |
| A) | pons |
| B) | cerebellum |
| C) | cerebrum |
| D) | medulla oblongata |
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| 12 | How many pairs of cranial nerves are found in reptiles, birds, and mammals? |
| A) | 8 |
| B) | 10 |
| C) | 12 |
| D) | 14 |
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| 13 | Which of the following is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response? |
| A) | the parasympathetic nervous system |
| B) | the motor nervous system |
| C) | the sympathetic nervous system |
| D) | all of the above (a-c) |
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| 14 | The functional unit of the nervous system is the |
| A) | nerve. |
| B) | brain. |
| C) | spinal cord. |
| D) | neuron. |
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| 15 | Which of the following is not a sensory nerve? |
| A) | olfactory |
| B) | hypoglossal |
| C) | optic |
| D) | vestibulocochlear |
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| 16 | Any form of energy an animal can detect with its receptors is called a |
| A) | receptor potential. |
| B) | stimulus. |
| C) | transducer. |
| D) | generator potential. |
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| 17 | Which of the following receptors detects a change in pressure? |
| A) | hygroreceptors |
| B) | georeceptors |
| C) | baroreceptors |
| D) | chemoreceptors |
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| 18 | Statocysts, as found in various gastropods, cephalopods, and crustaceans, are a good example of a |
| A) | hygroreceptor. |
| B) | georeceptor. |
| C) | baroreceptor. |
| D) | chemoreceptor. |
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| 19 | True phonoreceptors that respond to sound have been demonstrated only in |
| A) | insects, arachnids, and centipedes. |
| B) | protozoa, hydra, and molluscs. |
| C) | molluscs, tunicates, and arthropods. |
| D) | vertebrates. |
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| 20 | Certain flagellated protozoa (e.g., Euglena) contain bright red photoreceptor granules called the |
| A) | ocellus. |
| B) | compound eye. |
| C) | stigma. |
| D) | ommatidium. |
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| 21 | Squid and octopuses have |
| A) | compound eyes. |
| B) | ocelli. |
| C) | complex camera eyes. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 22 | Web-building spiders have __________ that can sense struggling prey in webs through vibrations of the web threads. |
| A) | proprioceptors |
| B) | tactile receptors |
| C) | georeceptors |
| D) | thermoreceptors |
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| 23 | A mechanoreceptor would respond to all of the following except |
| A) | sight. |
| B) | sound. |
| C) | touch. |
| D) | muscular contractions. |
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| 24 | The tympanum first evolved in |
| A) | molluscs. |
| B) | amphibians. |
| C) | fishes. |
| D) | vertebrates. |
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| 25 | How many divisions are present in the human ear? |
| A) | one |
| B) | two |
| C) | three |
| D) | four |
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| 26 | Pain receptors are also called |
| A) | vomeronasal organs. |
| B) | organs of Ruffini. |
| C) | Pacinian corpuscles. |
| D) | nociceptors. |
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| 27 | Jacobson's organs function in the |
| A) | detection of sound. |
| B) | detection of pressure. |
| C) | detection of odors. |
| D) | detection of electrical currents. |
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| 28 | The process of focusing light rays precisely on the retina is called |
| A) | processing. |
| B) | fixation. |
| C) | accommodation. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 29 | Which of the following pigments is involved in the production of a generator potential with respect to light? |
| A) | hemoglobin |
| B) | hemirhodopsin |
| C) | rhodopsin |
| D) | myoglobin |
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| 30 | Taste buds are found on the skin in __________ and __________. |
| A) | fishes and amphibians |
| B) | mammals and amphibians |
| C) | birds and reptiles |
| D) | reptiles and fishes |
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| 31 | Which of the following is the primary sense that vertebrates use? |
| A) | touch |
| B) | taste |
| C) | vision |
| D) | hearing |
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| 32 | Neurons have two important properties: excitability and conductivity. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 33 | The vertebrate nervous system has two main divisions. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 34 | The number of spinal nerves in an animal is not directly related to the number of segments in the trunk or tail of a vertebrate. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 35 | The autonomic nervous system of vertebrates consists of three antagonistic parts. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 36 | In mammals, the outermost part of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, progressively decreases in size and complexity from lampreys to birds and mammals. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 37 | Nervous systems evolved through the gradual layering of additional nervous tissue over reflex pathways of more ancient origin. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 38 | The sense of smell is due to olfactory neurons in the roof of the vertebrate nasal cavity. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 39 | The receptors for taste (gustation) are chemoreceptors on the body surface of an animal or in the mouth and throat. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 40 | Bats, shrews, whales, and fishes can determine distance and depth by sonar. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 41 | The lateral-line system for electrical sensing is in the head and thoracic area of most fishes, some amphibians, and the platypus. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 42 | Invertebrate and vertebrate sensory receptors (organs) have evolved in ways that relate to the environment in which they must function. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 43 | A stimulus is any form of energy an animal can detect with its receptors. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 44 | Receptors transduce energy from one form to another. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |