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| 1 | __________ is the loss of heat from a surface as water molecules escape in the form of a gas. |
 | A) | Conduction |
| B) | Convection |
| C) | Evaporation |
| D) | Radiation |
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| 2 | Animals cope with temperature fluctuations by |
| A) | occupying a place in the environment where the temperature remains constant and compatible with their physiological processes. |
| B) | adapting their physiological processes to the range of temperatures in which the animals are capable of living. |
| C) | generating heat and trapping heat internally to maintain a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment temperature. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 3 | In general, reptiles, fishes, and amphibians are |
| A) | endotherms. |
| B) | ectotherms. |
| C) | homeotherms. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 4 | At night, hummingbirds enter a sleep-like state called |
| A) | estivation. |
| B) | hibernation. |
| C) | daily torpor. |
| D) | sleep depravation. |
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| 5 | In order to lose heat, birds |
| A) | pant. |
| B) | utilize gular flutter. |
| C) | sleep. |
| D) | both a and b. |
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| 6 | The hormonal triggering of heat production is called |
| A) | nonshivering thermogenesis. |
| B) | shivering thermogenesis. |
| C) | gular flutter. |
| D) | panting. |
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| 7 | A specialized type of fat found in newborn mammals, in mammals that live in cold climates, and in mammals that hibernate, is called __________ fat. |
| A) | red |
| B) | brown |
| C) | yellow |
| D) | green |
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| 8 | Badgers, bears, and opossums __________ during winter months in cold climates. |
| A) | hibernate |
| B) | estivate |
| C) | enter prolonged sleep |
| D) | enter torpor |
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| 9 | If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium in which an animal is living, the animals are termed an |
| A) | osmoregulator. |
| B) | osmoconformer. |
| C) | osmotolerant. |
| D) | osmoresistant. |
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| 10 | Contractile vacuoles are found in |
| A) | protozoa and sponges. |
| B) | metazoan invertebrates. |
| C) | vertebrates. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 11 | Metanephridia |
| A) | open to the outside of an animal. |
| B) | open internally to the body fluids. |
| C) | are multicellular. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 12 | Antennal or green glands are found in |
| A) | crayfish and crabs. |
| B) | isopods. |
| C) | insects. |
| D) | molluscs. |
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| 13 | Where would you look for coxal glands? |
| A) | in spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites |
| B) | in crayfish and crabs |
| C) | in vertebrates |
| D) | in sponges |
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| 14 | The __________ appears only briefly in many vertebrate embryos. |
| A) | pronephros |
| B) | mesonephros |
| C) | metanephros |
| D) | protonephros |
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| 15 | Most adult teleost fishes have __________ kidneys. |
| A) | pronephric |
| B) | mesonephric |
| C) | metanephric |
| D) | polynephric |
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| 16 | Reptiles, birds, and mammals all possess _________ kidneys. |
| A) | pronephric |
| B) | mesonephric |
| C) | metanephric |
| D) | polynephric |
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| 17 | The functional unit of the metanephric kidney is the |
| A) | countercurrent exchange mechanism. |
| B) | nephron. |
| C) | glomerulus. |
| D) | loop of the nephron. |
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| 18 | Ectotherms generally obtain heat from their environment. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 19 | Heterotherms have a relatively constant body temperature. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 20 | Thermogenesis involves shivering, enzymatic activity, brown fat, and high cellular metabolism. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 21 | Freshwater animals tend to gain ions and lose water. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 22 | By a variety of mechanisms, marine vertebrates tend to take in ions from the seawater and to lose water. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 23 | Desert and marine reptiles and birds have salt glands to remove and secrete excess salt (NaCl). |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 24 | The majority of the loop of the nephron and the collecting duct are in the kidney cortex. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 25 | Sharks and their relatives (skates and rays) have mesonephric kidneys. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |