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| 1 | The period from the time a cell is produced until it completes mitosis is called the |
 | A) | mitotic phase. |
| B) | cell cycle. |
| C) | cytokinesis phase. |
| D) | G1 phase. |
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| 2 | Most of the cell cycle is occupied by the |
| A) | G1 phase. |
| B) | G2 phase. |
| C) | S phase. |
| D) | interphase. |
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| 3 | Chromosome replication occurs during the __________ of mitosis. |
| A) | G1 phase |
| B) | G2 phase |
| C) | S phase |
| D) | interphase |
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| 4 | A copy of a chromosome produced by replication is called a |
| A) | chromatid. |
| B) | daughter chromosome. |
| C) | sister chromosome. |
| D) | both b and c. |
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| 5 | The microtubules of the mitotic spindle are attached to the |
| A) | kinetochore. |
| B) | centromere. |
| C) | centrosome. |
| D) | all of the above (a-c). |
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| 6 | Chromosomes become visible with the light microscope during __________ phase. |
| A) | prophase |
| B) | metaphase |
| C) | anaphase |
| D) | telophase |
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| 7 | The mitotic spindle disassembles during what phase of mitosis? |
| A) | prophase |
| B) | metaphase |
| C) | anaphase |
| D) | telophase |
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| 8 | During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up side-by-side in a process called |
| A) | genetic recombination. |
| B) | meiosis II. |
| C) | synapsis. |
| D) | crossing over. |
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| 9 | Crossing over results in |
| A) | synapsis. |
| B) | syngamy. |
| C) | genetic recombination. |
| D) | dyad formation. |
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| 10 | Spermatogenesis gives rise to __________ sperm cells. |
| A) | 1 |
| B) | 2 |
| C) | 3 |
| D) | 4 |
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| 11 | In the DNA molecule, the base adenine pairs with the base |
| A) | guanine. |
| B) | cytosine. |
| C) | thymine. |
| D) | uracil. |
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| 12 | A DNA nucleotide consists of all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A) | a base. |
| B) | ribose. |
| C) | deoxyribose. |
| D) | phosphate. |
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| 13 | During protein synthesis, ______ is produced in the nucleus and carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm. |
| A) | transfer RNA |
| B) | messenger RNA |
| C) | ribosomal RNA |
| D) | deoxynucleotide |
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| 14 | _______ involves the formation of a polypeptide chain at the:______. |
| A) | Transcription/nucleus |
| B) | Transcription/ribosome |
| C) | Translation/nucleolus |
| D) | Translation/ribosome |
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| 15 | A sequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for an amino acid is a |
| A) | nucleotide. |
| B) | nucleoside. |
| C) | codon. |
| D) | anticodon. |
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| 16 | The ______ carries amino acids to the ribosome where a polypeptide is assembled. |
| A) | transfer RNA |
| B) | messenger RNA |
| C) | ribosomal RNA |
| D) | deoxynucleotide |
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| 17 | During protein synthesis at the ribosome, the ______ pairs with the _________. |
| A) | nucleotide/nucleoside |
| B) | codon/anticodon |
| C) | codon/amino acid |
| D) | mRNA/DNA |
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| 18 | All of the following statements regarding DNA and RNA are true except one. Select the false statement. |
| A) | RNA is single stranded, and DNA is double stranded. |
| B) | RNA contains the base thymine, and DNA contains the base uracil. |
| C) | RNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and DNA is mainly in the nucleus. |
| D) | RNA contains the sugar ribose, and DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. |
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| 19 | Which of the following are pyrimidine bases found in RNA? |
| A) | adenine and guanine |
| B) | cytosine and thymine |
| C) | adenine and uracil |
| D) | cytosine and uracil |
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| 20 | DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because |
| A) | it is remarkably error free. |
| B) | it results in one new DNA molecule and one parental molecule. |
| C) | it results in two DNA molecules, each consisting of one new and one parental strand. |
| D) | it results in two completely new parental molecules. |
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| 21 | The fact that more than one codon in mRNA can code for a particular amino acid is referred to as |
| A) | degeneracy. |
| B) | homology. |
| C) | wobble. |
| D) | antiparallel. |
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| 22 | Which of the following occurs during transcription? |
| A) | Messenger RNA is produced. |
| B) | Transfer RNA delivers amino acids to a ribosome. |
| C) | Codons pair with anticodons. |
| D) | A new strand of DNA is synthesized. |
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| 23 | Which of the following occurs at the beginning of translation? |
| A) | A UGA codon is aligned with the P site of the ribosome. |
| B) | An AUG codon is aligned with the P site of the ribosome. |
| C) | RNA polymerase recognizes a promotor. |
| D) | Two strands of DNA are separated. |
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| 24 | Homologous chromosomes carry genes for the same traits, but not necessarily for the same expression of the traits. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 25 | Genetic recombination or crossing over is a major form of genetic variation. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 26 | Prophase begins once daughter chromosomes appear at opposite poles of the cell. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 27 | The 5' end of one DNA strand would be directly across from the 3' end of the sister strand. The term antiparallel refers to this condition. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 28 | There are a total of 20 different codons, one for each naturally occurring amino acid. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 29 | Point mutations are the source of new genetic material and account for evolutionary change. Most point mutations remain hidden in body cells and are never expressed. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 30 | Nondisjunction usually results in portions of chromosomes breaking and reattaching in novel ways. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 31 | An animal that is heterozygous for a particular trait would possess two alleles for that trait. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 32 | Independent assortment is explained by events occurring during the second division of meiosis. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 33 | The visual expression of alleles is called the phenotype. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 34 | Codominance occurs when two alleles are expressed equally and the offspring resemble neither parent. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |