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| 1 | For an aquatic animal, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water may determine where the animal can live. For this animal, dissolved oxygen is a/an |
 | A) | tolerance factor. |
| B) | acclimator. |
| C) | limiting factor. |
| D) | optimum factor. |
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| 2 | For an aquatic animal, the range of values for dissolved oxygen that will support life is called the |
| A) | range of optimum. |
| B) | tolerance range. |
| C) | existence range. |
| D) | home range. |
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| 3 | All of the following contribute to the energy budget of an animal EXCEPT one. Select the exception. |
| A) | existence energy--the energy it takes to survive |
| B) | resistance energy--the energy it takes to resist change in the environment |
| C) | productive energy--the energy it takes to grow and reproduce |
| D) | excretory energy--the energy lost through feces and excretion |
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| 4 | Human populations in developed countries display type ______ survivorship curves. |
| A) | I |
| B) | II |
| C) | III |
| D) | IV |
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| 5 | Which of the following sequences illustrate exponential growth? |
| A) | 2--->4--->6--->8 |
| B) | 2--->3--->4--->5 |
| C) | 2--->4--->8--->16 |
| D) | 2--->4--->10--->25 |
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| 6 | Evolution in which each of two species exerts a strong influence on the other species is called |
| A) | contingency. |
| B) | parallel evolution. |
| C) | coevolution. |
| D) | convergent evolution. |
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| 7 | A symbiotic relationship in which one member of a relationship benefits and the second member is neither helped nor harmed is |
| A) | mutualism. |
| B) | commensalism. |
| C) | parasitism. |
| D) | predation. |
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| 8 | The population size a particular environment can support is called the environment's |
| A) | environmental resistance. |
| B) | population structure. |
| C) | biotic potential. |
| D) | carrying capacity. |
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| 9 | Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration? |
| A) | one butterfly species resembling another distasteful species |
| B) | the stripes on a zebra |
| C) | the stripes on a tiger |
| D) | the contrasting color pattern of a skunk |
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| 10 | When two organisms live in close association and both organisms benefit from the association, the relationship is: |
| A) | mutualism. |
| B) | parasitism. |
| C) | commensalism. |
| D) | mimicry. |
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| 11 | Two male redwing blackbirds are competing for a breeding territory and female redwings. This example depicts |
| A) | interspecific competition. |
| B) | intraspecific competition. |
| C) | coevolution. |
| D) | competitive exclusion. |
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| 12 | Most natural populations exhibit type _______ population growth. |
| A) | I |
| B) | II |
| C) | III |
| D) | IV |
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| 13 | All populations living in an area make up a/an |
| A) | community ecosystem. |
| B) | community. |
| C) | habitat. |
| D) | niche. |
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| 14 | A community and its physical surroundings make up a/an |
| A) | biome. |
| B) | ecosystem. |
| C) | habitat. |
| D) | niche. |
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| 15 | The dominant members of a community often change the community in predictable ways in a process called |
| A) | spatial structuring. |
| B) | temporal structuring. |
| C) | dispersal. |
| D) | succession. |
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| 16 | The final community in a sere is called the |
| A) | climax community. |
| B) | primary community. |
| C) | secondary community. |
| D) | sere. |
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| 17 | The first trophic level of an ecosystem is made up of: |
| A) | free organic molecules |
| B) | decomposers |
| C) | consumers |
| D) | producers |
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| 18 | The ______ of a species includes all the attributes of its life-style. |
| A) | niche |
| B) | habitat |
| C) | range |
| D) | diversity |
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| 19 | Overall, about ______ percent of the food consumed at one trophic level is converted into new biomass. |
| A) | 5 |
| B) | 10 |
| C) | 20 |
| D) | 60 |
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| 20 | Assuming that 1,000 units of energy are available at the producer level of a stream ecosystem, how many units of energy would be available in the fourth trophic level (e.g., leaf material--->mayfly--->stonefly--->small mouth bass)? |
| A) | 10 units |
| B) | 1 unit |
| C) | 100 units |
| D) | 0.1 unit |
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| 21 | All of the following statements regarding energy in ecosystems are true except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | Most energy at one trophic level is eventually radiated into the outer atmosphere as heat and will never be reused. |
| B) | An ecosystem can support more biomass at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels. |
| C) | Larger populations can be supported if organisms feed at lower trophic levels. |
| D) | Consumption is never 100 percent efficient. |
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| 22 | The nonliving reservoir for carbon in an ecosystem is/are |
| A) | carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
| B) | carbon dioxide dissolved in water of the oceans. |
| C) | carbon in limestone deposits. |
| D) | All of the above are nonliving reservoirs for carbon. |
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| 23 | All of the following are true of the carbon cycle except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | Most carbon is incorporated into living tissues by photosynthesis. |
| B) | Combustion of fossil fuels returns carbon to the atmosphere. |
| C) | The rate at which carbon has been accumulating in the atmosphere has been decreasing dramatically in the last 50 years. |
| D) | Carbon is rarely a limiting factor for animals. |
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| 24 | The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem is called |
| A) | ecological variation. |
| B) | ecosystem strength. |
| C) | biodiversity. |
| D) | ecosystem wealth. |
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| 25 | Biological magnification refers to the |
| A) | diversity of plants and animals in an ecosystem. |
| B) | increase in energy present in higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. |
| C) | increase in numbers of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. |
| D) | concentration of matter in tissues of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. |
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| 26 | Aestivation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperature during daily activity cycles, during the summer or hot, dry time of the year. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 27 | Hibernation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperatures that may last for weeks or months and occurs in mammals such as rodents, bats, and bears, during cold periods. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 28 | A type of camouflage that occurs when an animal takes on the color patterns in its environment to blend in with the surroundings is called countershading. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 29 | A host that harbors the adult stage of a parasite is called the definitive host. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 30 | In the carbon cycle, respiration returns carbon to its reservoir in the atmosphere. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 31 | The age pyramid of a developing country (e.g., India) has a very wide base with large numbers of individuals in the youngest age groups. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 32 | The current U.S. population is about 280 million, and it continues to grow because of an increasing birth rate. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 33 | The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer and an increased risk of skin cancer. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |