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1Because plants capture solar energy they are termed __________ consumers.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)decomposing


2The total of all the chemical reactions occurring in a cell is termed
A)anabolism.
B)catabolism.
C)metabolism.
D)kinetic energy.


3A typical food chain consists of
A)primary consumers.
B)secondary consumers.
C)decomposers.
D)all of the above (a-c).


4Chemical reactions that occur spontaneously are called
A)endergonic.
B)exergonic.
C)catalysis.
D)positive reactions.


5Which of the following is associated with the second law of thermodynamics?
A)entropy
B)all objects in the universe tend to become more disordered
C)the total amount of disorder in the universe is continually increasing
D)all of the above (a-c)


6Electrical energy passing through a hot plate to produce heat energy would be a good example of
A)the first law of thermodynamics.
B)the second law of thermodynamics.
C)entropy.
D)all of the above (a-c).


7__________ lower the amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
A)Catalysts
B)Enzymes
C)Ribozymes
D)All of the above (a-c)


8When a substrate molecule binds to an enzyme's active site, a(n) __________ forms.
A)product
B)reactant
C)enzyme-substrate complex
D)element


9Which of the following is a cofactor?
A)calcium ions
B)copper ions
C)manganese ions
D)all of the above are cofactors


10Enzyme activity can be affected by
A)temperature.
B)pH.
C)substrate concentration.
D)all of the above (a-c).


11The major energy currency of the cell is
A)ATP.
B)ADP.
C)AMP.
D)DNA.


12One of the most important coenzymes in the cell is the hydrogen ion acceptor
A)ATP.
B)NAD.
C)FAD.
D)ADP.


13Within their cells, animals make ATP by
A)substrate-level phosphorylation.
B)chemiosmosis.
C)neither a nor b.
D)both a and b.


14From an evolutionary perspective, the oldest mode of generating energy is
A)substrate-level phosphorylation.
B)chemiosmosis.
C)oxidative phosphorylation.
D)direct energy transfers.


15NAD+ is in its __________ form.
A)oxidized
B)reduced
C)anabolic
D)catabolic


16The breaking of one high-energy bond in ATP releases approximately _________ kcal of energy.
A)1
B)5
C)7
D)25


17Cells contain a reservoir of ADP and phosphate (Pi) as long as the cell is living.
A)True
B)False


18Coenzymes are non-protein, organic molecules that participate in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
A)True
B)False


19The loss of an enzyme's shape is called denaturation.
A)True
B)False


20The reactants of enzymatic reactions are called substrates.
A)True
B)False


21Kinetic energy is stored energy.
A)True
B)False


22Chemical reactions that do not proceed spontaneously are called endergonic.
A)True
B)False


23The measure of the degree of disorder or disorganization is called entropy.
A)True
B)False





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