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| 1 | The study of animal development from the fertilized egg to the formation of all major organ systems is called |
 | A) | comparative anatomy |
| B) | embryology |
| C) | entomology |
| D) | molecular biology |
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| 2 | Lysins are released from the ___________ and dissolve the gel coat of an egg during fertilization. |
| A) | vitelline layer |
| B) | mitochondria |
| C) | acrosome |
| D) | microvilli |
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| 3 | All of the following are a part of membrane and cortical events associated with egg activation except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | Microvilli from the egg plasma membrane wrap around a sperm cell. |
| B) | A fertilization membrane forms. |
| C) | The mitotic spindle forms. |
| D) | The cortical layer thickens, and rotational and sliding movements of the outer egg cytoplasm begin. |
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| 4 | Echinoderm embryology is commonly studied because |
| A) | they are the organisms most closely related to humans. |
| B) | they are a deuterostome, like humans, and are easily studied. |
| C) | only their embryology can be easily studied in the laboratory. |
| D) | their embryological changes are identical to humans. |
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| 5 | ______ forms the inner lining of the digestive cavity of an embryo. |
| A) | Ectoderm |
| B) | Mesoderm |
| C) | Endoderm |
| D) | Blastoderm |
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| 6 | _______ forms muscle, blood, skeletal elements and other connective tissues. |
| A) | Ectoderm |
| B) | Mesoderm |
| C) | Endoderm |
| D) | Blastoderm |
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| 7 | A stage of echinoderm embryology consisting of a hollow ball of cells is called the |
| A) | morula. |
| B) | blastula. |
| C) | gastrula. |
| D) | archenteron. |
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| 8 | Invagination of cells in the vegetal half of the echinoderm embryo occurs during a process called |
| A) | gastrulation. |
| B) | neurulation. |
| C) | morphogenesis. |
| D) | epiboly. |
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| 9 | All of the following are structures that characterize chordates except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | dorsal tubular nervous system |
| B) | open circulatory system |
| C) | notochord |
| D) | pharyngeal slits or pouches |
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| 10 | Gastrulation in an amphibian embryo occurs as superficial cells begin to roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore in a process called |
| A) | epiboly. |
| B) | morphogenesis. |
| C) | neurulation. |
| D) | involution. |
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| 11 | All of the following are formed during gastrulation in an amphibian embryo except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | yolk plug |
| B) | archenteron |
| C) | blastopore |
| D) | blastocoel |
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| 12 | In the amphibian embryo, the notochord and mesoderm form from |
| A) | ectoderm. |
| B) | endoderm. |
| C) | chordamesoderm. |
| D) | hypoblast. |
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| 13 | Early cleavages in the zygote of a bird result in the formation of the |
| A) | blastoderm. |
| B) | Henson's node. |
| C) | amnion. |
| D) | chorion. |
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| 14 | An inward migration of epiblast cells of the bird embryo results in the formation of mesoderm. This migration occurs along a linear invagination called the |
| A) | dorsal lip of the blastopore. |
| B) | primitive streak. |
| C) | chordamesoderm. |
| D) | allantois. |
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| 15 | The extraembryonic membranes of amniotes include all of the following except one. Select the exception. |
| A) | amnion |
| B) | somite |
| C) | chorion |
| D) | allantois |
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| 16 | The fusion of the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus is the beginning of a series of biochemical changes in the egg that ensures the completion of fertilization and initiates embryonic development. These changes are called egg activation. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 17 | Most mRNA used during protein synthesis that occurs in early development is deposited in the egg by the mother. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 18 | Cleavages produce blastomeres, which divide synchronously for a short time. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 19 | In an echinoderm embryo, the coelom forms as a result of splitting solid blocks of mesoderm. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 20 | Gastrulation of the amphibian embryo results in a spreading and thinning of ectodermal cells toward the blastopore. This process is called epiboly. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 21 | The extraembryonic membrane that encloses a bird embryo in a fluid-filled sac is the amnion. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 22 | The extraembryonic membrane that encloses embryonic wastes of a bird is the chorion. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 23 | After gastrulation of a bird embryo, the embryo lifts off the yolk but remains connected to the yolk through a yolk stalk. Blood vessels develop in the yolk stalk that carry nutrients from the yolk to the embryo. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 24 | The amnion and the chorion of a bird embryo become highly vascular and function in gas exchange. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 25 | Frog eggs have a pigmented side, and this dark side oriented upwards has an adaptive value. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |