| "bad patient" role | Describes an individual who complains to the staff, demands attention, disobeys staff orders, and generally misbehaves.
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| "good patient" role | Describes a patient who is passive and unquestioning and behaves properly.
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| aerobic exercise | Sustained exercise-jogging, swimming, or cycling, for example-that stimulated heart and lung activity.
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| alcoholism | A disorder that involves long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages and that impairs the drinker's health and social relationships.
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| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
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| aversive conditioning | A behavior therapy technique that consists of repeated pairings of an undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior's rewards.
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| basal metabolism rate (BMR) | The minimal amount of energy an individual uses in a resting state.
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| bio-psycho-social health model | States that health is best understood in terms of a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.
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| bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
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| depressants | Drugs that slow down the nervous system, body functions, and behaviors; alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers are examples.
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| disease model of addiction | Describes addictions as biologically based, lifelong diseases that involve a loss of control over behavior and require medical and/or spiritual treatment for recovery.
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| hallucinogens | Drugs that modify an individual's perceptual experiences and produce hallucinations; LSD, marijuana, and ecstasy are examples.
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| leptin | A protein that is involved in satiety (the condition of being full to satisfaction) and released by fat cells resulting in decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure.
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| life-process model of addiction | Describes addiction not as a disease but as a habitual response and a source of gratification or security that can be understood best in the context of social relationships and experiences.
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| physical dependence | Exists when discontinuing the use of a drug creates unpleasant, significant changes in physical functioning and behavior.
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| psychoactive drugs | Substances that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.
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| psychological dependence | Exists when a person is preoccupied with a drug for emotional reasons, such as the reduction of stress.
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| restrained eaters | Individuals who chronically restrict their food intake to control their weight.
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| stimulants | Drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system; caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine are examples.
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