| authoritarian parenting | A restrictive, punitive parenting style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and to respect work and effort. Firm limits and controls are placed on the child, and little verbal exchange is allowed. This style is associated with children's socially incompetent behavior.
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| authoritative parenting | A parenting style that encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions. Extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturant toward the child. This style is associated with children's socially competent behavior.
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| becoming parents and a family with children | The third stage in the family life cycle. Adults who enter this stage move up a generation and become caregivers to the younger generation.
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| empty nest syndrome | A decrease in marital satisfaction and increase in feelings of emptiness brought about by the children's departure.
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| family at midlife | The fifth stage in the family life cycle, a time of launching children, linking generations, and adapting to midlife changes.
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| family in later life | The sixth and final stage in the family life cycle, involving retirement and, in many families, grandparenting.
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| family with adolescents | The fourth stage of the family life cycle, in which adolescent children push for autonomy and seek to develop their own identities.
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| indulgent parenting | A parenting style in which parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them. This is associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.
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| launching | The process in which youth move into adulthood and exit their family of origin.
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| leaving home and becoming a single adult | The first stage in the family life cycle and that involves launching.
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| neglectful parenting | A parenting style in which the parent is very uninvolved in the child's life. It is associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.
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| new couple | Forming the new couple is the second stage in the family life cycle. Two individuals from separate families of origin unite to form a new family system.
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