Please choose the best answer to all of the questions.

1.			According to Archbishop James Ussher how old is the earth?
			A)	Less than 3,000 years old.
			B)	Less than 6,000 years old.
			C)	More than 7,000 years old.
			D)	More than 10,000 years old.
2.			The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics purports that
			A)	traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.
			B)	the biblical creation of the earth began on October 23, in the year 4004 B.C.
			C)	evolutionary changes are based on the differential reproductive success of individuals within a species.
			D)	living things are "fixed" both in terms of their appearance and the number of existing kinds of organisms.
3.			Who is responsible for the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
			A)	James Ussher
			B)	Charles Robert Darwin
			C)	Stephen Jay Gould
			D)	Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
4.			Which of the following is a feature of the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
			A)	Species can develop new organs.
			B)	Evolution is always working toward producing more complex forms.
			C)	There is no extinction of species.
			D)	All the above.
5.			A pseudoscience is
			A)	anything with scientifically testable ideas that are taken on faith, even if they are tested and proven false.
			B)	a method of inquiry that requires the generation, testing, and acceptance or rejection of hypotheses.
			C)	an idea that is taken on faith and cannot be scientifically tested.
			D)	a process of conducting scientific inquiry.
6.			Why did Darwin put off publishing his theories on the transmutations of species?
			A)	Wallace threatened to sue him.
			B)	Darwin feared that science and society were not ready for his explanation.
			C)	Darwin was stranded on the Galapagos Islands when Fletcher Christian led a mutiny aboard the H.M.S. Beagle.
			D)	Darwin thought Lamarck's ideas were better.
7.			If an organism reproduces asexually it
			A)	reproduces without sex.
			B)	reproduces with a partner.
			C)	reproduces by mutating.
			D)	reproduces in a moist environment.
8.			Gregor Mendel is famous for
			A)	discovering DNA.
			B)	describing the basic laws of inheritance.
			C)	the theory of natural selection.
			D)	gardening.
9.			What determines how genetically similar any two species are to each other?
			A)	how far back in time did the species have a common ancestor
			B)	what characteristics are shared between the species
			C)	what climate the species are adapted to
			D)	all the above
10.			The science that studies the network of relationships within environmental systems is called
			A)	physical anthropology.
			B)	stratigraphy.
			C)	fission.
			D)	ecology.
11.			When an organism has physical traits and behaviors that allow it to survive in a particular environment we call it
			A)	adopted.
			B)	adapted.
			C)	adulterated.
			D)	adored.
12.			Which of the following can be a factor in the rise of a new species?
			A)	changing environment
			B)	populations moving
			C)	populations splitting
			D)	all the above
13.			A niche is
			A)	from the Greek term meaning "house."
			B)	a specific set of environmental relationships.
			C)	the environment of an organism and its adaptive response to that environment.
			D)	an irritation in the skin.
14.			Selection for reproductive success in plants and animals that is directed by humans is called
			A)	stabilizing selection.
			B)	artificial selection.
			C)	directional selection.
			D)	mutation.
15.			A gene pool consists of
			A)	all the alleles in a population.
			B)	spontaneous changes in the genetic code.
			C)	strands of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
			D)	the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding.
16.			An environmental factor that causes genetic mutations is called a
			A)	metamorphosis.
			B)	fission.
			C)	macromutation.
			D)	mutagen.
17.			Genetic drift is
			A)	natural selection for new adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions.
			B)	the evolution of a new species.
			C)	the exchange of genes among populations through interbreeding.
			D)	genetic change based on random changes within a species' gene pool.
18.			Variants of a gene that code for different expressions of a trait are
			A)	phenotypes.
			B)	gametes.
			C)	alleles.
			D)	genotypes.
19.			What can occur when a portion of a species is isolated from the rest of the species?
			A)	The evolution of a new species.
			B)	Genetic change when genes are passed to new generations in frequencies unlike those of the parental generation.
			C)	Natural selection for new adaptations in response to changing environmental conditions.
			D)	Spontaneous changes in the genetic code.
20.			What is the raw material of evolution?
			A)	environmental changes
			B)	gene flow
			C)	mutations
			D)	artificial selection