Please choose the best answer to all of the questions.

1.			In an evolutionary sense, what is Homo sapiens FIRST and most distinguishing difference from other primates?
			A)	big brains
			B)	social groups
			C)	sense of smell
			D)	bipedalism
2.			When do the first undisputed primates appear in the fossil record?
			A)	About 30 million years ago
			B)	About 55 million years ago
			C)	About 100 million years ago
			D)	About 200 million years ago
3.			Where did the first undisputed primates first arise?
			A)	North America and Europe
			B)	Africa
			C)	Asia
			D)	All of the above
4.			Where do most prosimians now live?
			A)	North America and Europe
			B)	Madagascar
			C)	Africa
			D)	Asia
5.			The jutting forward of the lower face and jaw area is called
			A)	prognathism.
			B)	bifacialism.
			C)	Pleistocene.
			D)	hafted.
6.			What is the purpose of the crest of bone that runs along the top of the skull of some primates?
			A)	It is used for defense, much like deer antlers.
			B)	It has no purpose, it is an evolutionary feature left over from our ancestors the dinosaurs.
			C)	It is the attachment point for major chewing muscles.
			D)	It is used to shape stone tools.
7.			How do anthropologists know that Lucy walked upright?
			A)	There were calluses on her feet but not her hands.
			B)	A walking stick was found near her body.
			C)	Her pelvic and leg bones indicate a bipedal lifestyle.
			D)	The hole in her skull where the spinal cord attaches is at the back of her head.
8.			Which of the following is NOT a hypothesized function of bipedalism in the savannas?
			A)	Bipedalism frees the forelimbs to carry things.
			B)	Bipedalism is very efficient for running.
			C)	Bipedalism provides a better view of the area.
			D)	Bipedalism makes the body vertical, therefore presenting a smaller surface to the sun's rays.
9.			The robust features on the genus Paranthropus describe their
			A)	brain size.
			B)	chewing apparatus.
			C)	body size.
			D)	all the above.
10.			Based on microscopic analysis of tooth wear on Paranthropus their diet consisted mainly of
			A)	animals and fish.
			B)	leaves and seeds.
			C)	grasses and roots.
			D)	seeds, nuts, vegetables, and roots.
11.			Which of the following is an example of how early Hominids used their big brains?
			A)	manipulation of stones for tool use
			B)	manipulation of social situations
			C)	altering their behavior to address specific problems
			D)	forming conscious and intimate relationships with other members of their group
12.			Which is the first Hominid to make and use the hand ax?
			A)	Australopithecus afarensis
			B)	Homo sapiens
			C)	Homo erectus
			D)	Paranthropus robustus
13.			What was happening during the Pleistocene era?
			A)	Homo sapiens were moving into the Far East.
			B)	Dinosaurs were becoming extinct.
			C)	Plants were being domesticated.
			D)	Glaciers were advancing and retreating.
14.			According to the author, what is the most important use of fire?
			A)	A source of light.
			B)	A way to cook food.
			C)	Protection from animals.
			D)	Providing heat.
15.			Neandertals are normally associated with which Hominids?
			A)	Australopithecus afarensis
			B)	Archaic Homo sapiens
			C)	Homo erectus
			D)	Paranthropus robustus
16.			Neanderthal brains were on average larger than modern humans, with a size of about
			A)	380-500 ml.
			B)	980-1250 ml.
			C)	1000-2000 ml.
			D)	1300-1740 ml.
17.			A possible explanation as to why the Neanderthal body was so stocky is that
			A)	their lifestyle was physically demanding.
			B)	the men needed to be muscular in order to hit their women over the head and drag them back to the cave.
			C)	their body shape conserved heat.
			D)	they spent a lot of time sitting around the fire making stone tools.
18.			Which of the following is first associated with modern Homo sapiens?
			A)	fire
			B)	stone tools
			C)	cave paintings
			D)	all the above
19.			Modern Homo sapiens have populated every landmass except
			A)	Antarctica.
			B)	Asia.
			C)	South America.
			D)	Australia.
20.			The Piltdown man was
			A)	the missing link.
			B)	a hoax.
			C)	a fossilized Homo erectus.
			D)	a fossilized Neanderthal.