Please choose the best answer to the following questions.

1.			How a society acquires its food resources is known as its
			A)	culture.
			B)	division of labor.
			C)	labor specialization.
			D)	subsistence pattern.
2.			A society that relies on naturally occurring sources of food is called a
			A)	hunter-gatherer society.
			B)	foraging society.
			C)	horticulture society.
			D)	both A and B.
3.			In Homo evolution hunting replaced
			A)	farming.
			B)	gathering.
			C)	scavenging.
			D)	foraging.
4.			Most of the early foraging societies got the bulk of their nutritional requirements from
			A)	meat.
			B)	plant foods.
			C)	processed foods.
			D)	vitamin supplements.
5.			Which of the following is an explanation for why the modern Homo sapiens' teeth and jaws became less rugged?
			A)	stone tool technology
			B)	cooking meat
			C)	a shift to a mixed diet
			D)	All the above.
6.			The social stratification system that practices non-recognition, and even elimination of, differences in social status and wealth is called
			A)	egalitarian.
			B)	rank.
			C)	class.
			D)	caste.
7.			What is the definition of a rank system?
			A)	The system where the strata are open and a person may move to a different stratum.
			B)	The system where the strata are closed and a person's membership is determined at birth.
			C)	The system that strives for equal distribution of goods and services but achieves this through the use of recognized status differences.
			D)	The system that practices not recognizing, and even eliminating, differences in social status and wealth.
8.			Which society is most likely to have a rank system?
			A)	horticultural society
			B)	foraging society
			C)	agricultural society
			D)	pastoral society
9.			For 96 percent of our time on earth Homo sapiens have been
			A)	farmers.
			B)	foragers.
			C)	bipedal.
			D)	tool makers.
10.			Which of the following groups have been studied regarding their foraging way of life?
			A)	The indigenous groups from the Amazon rain forests.
			B)	The Arctic peoples from Greenland to Alaska.
			C)	The Dani of New Guinea.
			D)	All the above.
11.			What is the primary purpose of the postpartum sex taboo?
			A)	To permit the women to recover from childbirth.
			B)	To allow for nursing.
			C)	To limit the birth rate.
			D)	To let the women bond with their infants.
12.			Nomadic societies
			A)	travel from place to place in search of resources or in response to seasonal fluctuations.
			B)	travel from place to place to avoid war, persecution, or natural disaster.
			C)	stay in one place year-round.
			D)	are small, autonomous groups, usually associated with foraging societies.
13.			Sedentary societies
			A)	travel from place to place in search of resources or in response to seasonal fluctuations.
			B)	travel from place to place to avoid war, persecution, or natural disaster.
			C)	stay in one place year-round.
			D)	are small, autonomous groups, usually associated with foraging societies.
14.			For Homo sapiens the change to food producing was
			A)	hasty.
			B)	inevitable.
			C)	abrupt.
			D)	gradual.
15.			The difference between horticulture and agriculture is that
			A)	horticulturalists use human labor and simple tools, and agriculturalists use animal or mechanical labor and complex technologies.
			B)	horticulturalists use animal or mechanical labor and complex technologies, and agriculturalists use human labor and simple tools.
			C)	horticulturalists herd animals and agriculturalists use animal or mechanical labor and complex technologies.
			D)	horticulturalists use human labor and simple tools, and agriculturalists herd animals.
16.			Many horticulturalist societies
			A)	practice polyandry.
			B)	tend to live in smaller groups than foragers.
			C)	have a need for more formal organization.
			D)	All the above.
17.			Which of the following arose within, and because of, agricultural farming?
			A)	formalized government
			B)	writing
			C)	monotheistic religion
			D)	all the above
18.			A society will likely turn to pastoralism
			A)	if they are nomadic.
			B)	if the area is unsuitable for other subsistence activities.
			C)	to produce meat for trade with their horticultural neighbors.
			D)	all the above.
19.			Giving with the expectation of an equivalent return is called
			A)	generalized reciprocity.
			B)	the market system.
			C)	balanced reciprocity.
			D)	redistribution.
20.			A potlatch is an example of
			A)	generalized reciprocity.
			B)	redistribution.
			C)	balanced reciprocity.
			D)	the market system.