To review the distinct pathways toward the development of social inequality, the emergence of states, and the rise of urban settlements for different regions of Andean South America.
To compare and contrast early Andean centers, states, and empires, including differences in their modes of leadership and settlement plans.
To describe quipus and discuss how they compare and contrast with early systems of writing in other regions of the world.
To review the rise and nature of the Inca empire and compare its differences and similarities with the Aztec empire of Mesoamerica.
