| Alternate hypothesis | A statement that is accepted if the sample data provide evidence that the null hypothesis is false.
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| Critical value | The dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region where it is not rejected.
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| Decision rule | A statement of the conditions under which the null hypothesis is rejected and conditions under which it is not rejected.
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| Hypothesis | A statement about a population parameter developed for the purpose of testing.
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| Hypothesis testing | A procedure based on sample evidence and probability theory to determine whether the hypothesis is a reasonable statement.
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| Level of significance | The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
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| Null hypothesis | A statement about the value of a population parameter.
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| p-value | The probability of observing a sample value as extreme as, or more extreme than, the value observed, given that the null hypothesis is true.
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| Proportion | The fraction, ratio, or percent indicating the part of the population or sample having a particular trait of interest.
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| Test statistic | A value, determined from sample information, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
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| Type I error | Rejecting the null hypothesis, H0, when it is true.
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| Type II error | Accepting the null hypothesis, H0, when it actually is false.
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