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Biology, 6/e
Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University
Genes and How They Work

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions.



1

Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to
A)a promoter
B)an initiator
C)a transcriptor
D)a codon
2

The promoter sequence in eukaryotes is
A)TAATAA
B)TATAAA
C)TTGACA
D)GTTAAA
3

Each time a nucleotide is added as the transcription bubble passes down the DNA, the RNA-DNA complex
A)elongates
B)rotates
C)shrinks
D)disassembles
4

Eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are protected from modification by
A)5' caps
B)5' poly-A caps
C)3' caps
D)5'-3' poly tails
5

The order in which nucleotides are moved along the ribosomes binding sites is
A)APE
B)PEA
C)EPA
D)EAP
6

In eukaryotes, there are _______________ codons that specify amino acids.
A)21
B)24
C)61
D)64
E)60
7

In eukaryotes, the "start" codon also specifies the amino acid,
A)phenylalanine
B)valine
C)aspartate
D)methionine
8

In mitochondrial genomes, _______________ is a "stop" codon.
A)UGA
B)UUU
C)AUA
D)UAA
E)AGA
9

Together with proteins, rRNA
A)provides a site for polypeptide synthesis
B)transports amino acids to the ribosome
C)travels to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
D)transcribes DNA
E)translates DNA
10

In transcription, the nucleotide sequence CAT in DNA would specify _______________ in mRNA.
A)TAC
B)GAU
C)CAT
D)GTU
E)GUA
11

The genetic code consists of groups of three nucleotides called
A)codons
B)introns
C)anticodons
D)reading frames
E)triplets
12

The function of tRNA is to
A)provide a site for polypeptide synthesis
B)transport amino acids to the ribosome
C)travel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
D)transcribe DNA
E)translate DNA
13

In the formation of an initiation complex, a _______________ is positioned first.
A)met-tRNA
B)ser-tRNA
C)tyr-rRNA
D)mval-tRNA
E)cyst-tRNA
14

Enzymes called amino acyl-tRNA synthetases
A)synthesizes tRNA
B)attaches amino acids to tRNA
C)strips tRNA from its amino acid in the process of translation
D)destroys excess tRNA molecules
E)helps tRNA synthesize amino acids
15

In mRNA the "start" sequence is
A)UAA
B)UAG
C)UGA
D)AUG
E)GUU
16

In a process called _______________, the initial tRNA is ejected from the ribosome.
A)elongation
B)translocation
C)initiation
D)transcription
E)elimination
17

The function of mRNA is to
A)provide a site for polypeptide synthesis
B)transport amino acids to the ribosome
C)travel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
D)transcribe DNA
E)translate DNA
18

The process of _______________ cuts introns from the primary transcript and the final "processed" mRNA is produced.
A)RNA cleaving
B)RNA translocation
C)RNA elongation
D)RNA splicing
E)RNA releasing
19

In the process of translation,
A)a strand of mRNA is formed with nucleotide sequences complementary to those of DNA
B)nucleotide sequences of tRNA are established
C)a polypeptide is formed in response to the rRNA nucleotide sequence
D)rRNA is synthesized with sequences complementary to those of tRNA
E)a polypeptide is formed as dictated by the nucleotide sequence in mRNA
20

In mRNA, the series of nucleotides CCC specifies
A)serine
B)proline
C)alanine
D)arginine
E)stop
21

A molecule of tRNA with the anticodon AAA will transport the amino acid
A)phenylalanine
B)lysine
C)proline
D)glycine
E)arginine
22

As polypeptides are formed at the ribosome, elongation continues until _______________ is exposed.
A)a release factor
B)an intron
C)a nonsense codon
D)an exon
E)polypeptidase
23

In the process of transcription
A)the base sequence of DNA is copied into tRNA
B)a polypeptide is formed as specified by the genes in a chromosome
C)rRNA is specified by exons in DNA
D)a strand of mRNA is formed with base sequences complementary to those of DNA
E)mRNA is formed as coded by introns
24

In messenger RNA, the nucleotide series UAG specifies
A)arginine
B)serine
C)stop
D)proline
E)aspartate
25

Which enzyme is incorrectly matched to its function?
A)RNA polymerase -- transcription
B)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase -- attaches an amino acid to a tRNA
C)peptidyl transferase -- translation
D)DNA ligase -- joins Okazaki fragments
E)All of the above are paired correctly.
26

Identify the polypeptide that would be produced as a result of transcribing and translating the following DNA sequence.
DNA: ...3' A C C A A G T C T 5'...
A)arg - phe - trp
B)arg - leu - gly
C)thr - lys - ser
D)trp - phe - arg
E)gly - leu - arg
27

The strand of DNA used in the previous problem undergoes a mutation, such that the second C from the 3' end is changed to a T. The mutant DNA is shown below. What would change in the polypeptide?
Mutant DNA: ...3' A C T A A G T C T 5'...
A)no change
B)polypeptide would be 1 amino acid shorter
C)polypeptide would be 1 amino acid longer
D)1 amino acid would substitute for another
E)translation would terminate within this stretch
28

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase directs the synthesis of tRNA molecules from a DNA template.
A)True
B)False
29

Just as one amino acid may be specified by more than one codon, one codon may specify more than one amino acid.
A)True
B)False
30

Which one of the following is not a kind of RNA?
A)tRNA (transfer RNA)
B)mRNA (messenger RNA)
C)rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
D)nRNA (nuclear RNA)
E)All of the above are kinds of RNA.
31

The direct result of transcription is:
A)a duplicate DNA molecule
B)nRNA
C)a protein
D)mRNA
E)none of the above
32

The direct result of translation is:
A)a duplicate DNA molecule
B)nRNA
C)a protein
D)mRNA
E)all of the above
33

Which one of the following is not associated with transcription?
A)tRNA
B)mRNA
C)RNA polymerase
D)DNA
E)a promoter
34

Which one of the following is not associated with translation?
A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)anticodon
E)All are involved with translation.
35

In the process of translation, the amino acids are arranged to form specific proteins because they are attached to:
A)rRNA
B)tRNA
C)mRNA
D)promoter
E)none of the above
36

Transcription takes place in the nucleus using the DNA in the nucleus as a template for the formation of proteins.
A)True
B)False
37

Genes are composed of segments of "extra," nonessential materials called exons.
A)True
B)False








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