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Biology, 6/e
Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University

Nutrition and Transport in Plants

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions



1

Micronutrients are
A)available in the soil only in small amounts
B)required by plants in small amounts
C)small molecules required by plants
D)useful, but not required by plants
2

Which of the following is a correct list of contents of the organic material in soil?
A)humus, roots, and decomposed material
B)roots and small animals
C)minerals, small animals, and roots
D)small animals, humus, and roots
3

Turgor pressure is also referred to as
A)solute potential
B)water potential
C)pressure potential
D)osmotic potential
4

In most species, as K+ moves in or out of the guard cell to regulate the stomatal opening, there is movement in the opposite direction by
A)Na+
B)H+
C)OH-
D)Cl-
5

The opening of the stomata is effected by all of the following except
A)oxygen concentration
B)temperature
C)light
D)carbon dioxide concentration
6

Capillary forces will lift water _______________ in a glass tube equal to the diameter of a xylem element.
A)10.4 meters
B)8.3 meters
C)5.6 meters
D)less than 1 meter
E)too little to notice
7

In plants, water rises beyond the point supported by the atmospheric pressure mostly because of
A)capillarity
B)gravity
C)evaporation
D)active transport
E)the proton pump
8

The combination of pressure potential and solute potential is
A)water potential
B)transpiration potential
C)field potential
D)stem potential
E)osmotic potential
9

Scientists take advantage of _______________ in studying translocation by phloem.
A)ants
B)aphids
C)bees
D)butterflies
E)termites
10

Water potential begins to become less negative
A)in the dark of the night
B)just before dawn
C)at sunrise
D)at noon
E)just after sunset
11

The smallest amount of pressure needed to stop fluid from moving by osmosis is referred to as the
A)turgor pressure
B)water potential
C)pressure potential
D)solute potential
E)energy potential
12

In the absence of transpiration water moves into and up xylem because of
A)root pressure
B)turgor pressure
C)evaporation
D)high soil mineral concentration
E)guttation
13

Air is transported in xylem in the form of bubbles by
A)the proton pump
B)active transport
C)chemiosmosis
D)bulk flow
E)none of the above
14

High root pressure can cause water to be lost by leaves through the process of
A)respiration
B)regurgitation
C)transpiration
D)guttation
E)translocation
15

When a plant is flooded it often increases its
A)cytokines
B)ethylene
C)gibberellins
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
16

A common adaptation of plants to an aquatic existence is the formation of
A)chlorenchyma
B)aerenchyma
C)colenchyma
D)sclerenchyma
E)hydrenchyma
17

The plant hormone, _______________, plays a role in closing of stomata.
A)auxin
B)abscissic acid
C)gibberellin
D)cytochrome
E)ethylene
18

Water potential is the
A)combination of turgor pressure and pressure potential
B)difference between pressure potential and osmotic potential
C)combination of pressure potential and solute potential
D)product of pressure potential and osmotic potential
E)difference between pressure potential and solute potential
19

The reason that a column of water in a tall tree does not sink because of its weight is
A)the formation of hydrogen bonds with the plants vessels
B)bubbles form that are too large to be transported
C)the presence of strong ion concentrations near the top of the tree
D)the venturi effect of air flowing through stomata
E)the tensile strength of a column of water.
20

Specific ions are acquired by root hairs by the process of
A)simple diffusion
B)osmosis
C)active transport
D)facilitated diffusion
E)reverse osmosis
21

Apparently _______________ is the source of energy for keeping stomata open.
A)photosynthesis
B)transpiration
C)ion transfer
D)sodium pump
E)hydrogen bond formation
22

Loss of turgor pressure in guard cells causes an uptake of
A)K+
B)H+
C)ATP
D)CO2
E)Na+
23

About _______________ % of the water taken in by roots is lost by transpiration.
A)100
B)90
C)80
D)60
E)50
24

Essential ions except _______________ are removed from the roots and relocated through the xylem.
A)phosphorus
B)potassium
C)nitrogen
D)iron
E)calcium
25

Guttation is:
A)movement of soluble organic materials through plants.
B)movement of water through the apoplast.
C)evidence of root pressure.
D)negative pressure created by transpiration.
E)rupture of the water column.
26

Stomata close when the guard cells:
A)lose water.
B)photosynthesis begins and the internal CO2 concentration decreases.
C)gain chloride ions.
D)become turgid.
E)gain potassium ions.
27

The pathway of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere is best represented by which of the following sequences?
A)endodermis- cortex - epidermis - vessel elements - intercellular spaces in mesophyll - stomata.
B)epidermis - cortex - Casparian strip - endodermis - sieve cells - intercellular spaces in the mesophyll - stomata.
C)Casparian strip - root hairs - epidermis - cortex - xylem - endodermis - intercellular spaces in mesophyll - stomata.
D)root hairs - cortex - endodermis - vessel elements - intercellular spaces in mesophyll - stomata.
E)epidermis - endodermis - phloem - cortex of leaf - intercellular spaces of mesophyll - stomata.
28

Approximately what percent of the water absorbed by a plant is lost to the atmosphere?
A)1-5%
B)10-20%
C)25%
D)40-60%
E)over 90%
29

Which of the following terms would be used to explain how trees can lift water to heights of ten stories or more?
A)air pressure
B)adhesion
C)cohesion
D)tensile strength
E)all of the above
30

Which of the following will cause the stomata to close?
A)wilting
B)increase in carbon dioxide concentration
C)darkness
D)very high temperatures
E)all of the above
31

If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells of a leaf were deficient in potassium ions, the rate of photosynthesis would increase.
A)True
B)False
32

Guard cells help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise.
A)True
B)False
33

Water tension in a transpiring plant will exert a pull on water molecules lower down in the plant's vascular system.
A)True
B)False
34

Plants that live in deserts have adapted to constant water stress by using hydrophilic colloids to increase the water potential of their tissues.
A)True
B)False
35

Xylem cells carry water containing dissolved minerals upward in the plant.
A)True
B)False
36

Carbohydrates move through the sieve tube as a result of the movement of water due to osmosis.
A)True
B)False
37

The macronutrient, _______________ , is important to the operation of stomata.
A)magnesium
B)manganese
C)sulfur
D)potassium
E)iron
38

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A)nitrogen
B)sulfur
C)manganese
D)calcium
E)potassium
39

The element, _______________, is important as a component of ADP and ATP.
A)phosphorus
B)magnesium
C)potassium
D)chlorine
E)manganese
40

The microelement, _______________, is needed for chlorophyll synthesis.
A)boron
B)iron
C)sulfur
D)iodine
E)copper
41

The micronutrient, _______________, is possibly involved in carbohydrate transport and nucleic acid synthesis.
A)copper
B)molybdinum
C)zinc
D)manganese
E)boron
42

The macroelement, _______________, is needed for the formation of coenzyme A.
A)carbon
B)phosphorous
C)nitrogen
D)sulfur
E)potassium
43

An advantage of organic fertilizer over inorganic fertilizers is the addition of ___________ to the soil.
A)micronutrients
B)macronutrients
C)potassium
D)humus
E)phosphorus
44

Which of the following is not a micronutrient?
A)iron
B)zinc
C)molybdenum
D)magnesium
E)boron
45

The carnivorous habit of bog plants enables them to acquire _______________ which is not otherwise available from the environment.
A)water
B)nitrogen
C)calcium
D)phosphorus
E)potassiuim
46

An important function of the micronutrient, _______________ , is chlorophyll synthesis.
A)chlorine
B)boron
C)iron
D)sulfur
E)potassium
47

_________ is important in osmosis and ionic balance.
A)Chlorine
B)Boron
C)Iron
D)Copper
E)Zinc
48

The micronutrient, molybdenum, is important
A)in nitrogen fixation
B)as an enzyme activator
C)in carbohydrate transport
D)in chlorophyll synthesis
E)in osmosis and ionic balance
49

Soybeans add _______________ compounds to the soil because of bacteria growing in nodules on their roots.
A)inorganic
B)nitrogen
C)micronutrient
D)calcium
E)hydrogen
50

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient because it is a component of
A)chlorophyll
B)ADP & ATP
C)amino acids
D)several coenzymes
E)cell walls
51

Plant macronutrients, carbon, oxygen and hydrgen constitute about _______________ % of a plant's dry weight.
A)12
B)46
C)63
D)77
E)94
52

Which element is incorrectly matched with its function in the plant?
A)calcium -- formation of cell walls; maintenance of membrane integrity
B)iron -- a cofactor for an enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis; constituent of the heme group of cytochromes
C)magnesium -- component of chlorophyll
D)molybdenum -- cofactor; principal divalent cation of cytosol; important in osmotic regulations
E)nitrogen -- component of chlorophyll, proteins, nucleic acids
53

Elements such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, needed by the plant in fairly large amounts are called:
A)fertilizers
B)coenzymes
C)macronutrients
D)enzyme activators
E)micronutrients
54

Which of the following is an essential element for all plants?
A)molybdenum
B)lead
C)silicon
D)sodium
E)selenium
55

The preservation of topsoil is important because
A)it contains the minerals necessary for plant growth
B)it holds water
C)most roots are located in the topsoil
D)it contains organisms that break down organic debris
E)all of the above
56

Which of the following is not a method used to preserve the fertility of topsoil?
A)crop rotation
B)clearing a field of all plants occasionally so that the nutrients are not being used up and can replenish
C)plowing under plant materials left in the field
D)the addition of fertilizers increases nutrient levels
E)plant soybeans in field to increase nitrogen levels
57

Which of the following are not matched correctly:
A)potassium-macronutrient and involved in operation of stomata
B)chlorine-micronutrient and is a major component of organic molecules
C)nitrogen-macronutrient and component of amino acids
D)phosphorus-macronutrient and component of phospholipids
E)iron-micronutrient and involved in chlorophyll synthesis
58

In order to determine the nutrients required by plants, they are grown in nutrient-deficient soils.
A)True
B)False
59

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts since only the growing regions of the plant require them.
A)True
B)False
60

Some plants obtain nitrogen from other organisms instead of from the soil.
A)True
B)False