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Biology, 6/e
Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University
Early Plant Development

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions



1

Endosperm formation begins with
A)the establishment of the suspensor
B)the fusion of the antipodals
C)the fertilization of the polar nuclei
D)the syncytial development of the embryo
2

The establishment of the shoot-root axis begins with the
A)formation of the nucleus
B)radial division of the embryo
C)location of the micropyle
D)formation of the suspensor
3

The seed coat of angiosperms forms from the
A)ovary
B)carpel
C)ovule
D)peduncle
4

Fruits are mature
A)ovules
B)peduncles
C)ovaries
D)flowers
5

An example of a fruit that disperses seeds by splitting along one or more edges of the carpel is
A)samara
B)follicle
C)hesperidium
D)drupe
6

The larger cells near the micropyle develop into
A)ground meristem
B)shoot apical meristem
C)a suspensor
D)protoderm
E)root apical meristem
7

Water makes up about _______________ % of a mature seed.
A)one to three
B)five to twenty
C)twenty-five to forty
D)forty-five to sixty
E)seventy-five
8

When cereal grains germinate, the food reserve of the _______________ are used first.
A)scutellum
B)suspensor
C)aleurone layer
D)endosperm
E)apical meristem
9

When the seed coat forms, the metabolic activity
A)slows down
B)accelerates
C)fluctuates
D)ceases
E)continues as before
10

At the end opposite the mycropyle, the first meristem to differentiate in gymnosperm embryos is the
A)ground meristem
B)shoot apical meristem
C)a suspensor
D)protoderm
E)root apical meristem
11

In the angiosperm embryo, the cells near the suspensor are destined to form
A)cotyledons
B)a root
C)endosperm
D)the plumule
E)a shoot
12

The radical of corn is enclosed in a
A)scutellum
B)coleorhiza
C)hyposotyl
D)cotyledon
E)coleoptile
13

The outermost cells in a plant embryo become
A)vascular tissue
B)ovule
C)ground tissue
D)epidermal cells
E)apical meristem
14

The first cell division of the plant zygote is typically
A)longitudinal
B)diagonal
C)radial
D)spiral
E)transverse
15

Growth of hervaceius plants comes from the
A)apical meristem
B)lateral meristem
C)vascular cambium
D)cork cambium
E)all of the above
16

As the spherical embryo develops, all of the tissues listed below develop except
A)ground meristem
B)apical meristem
C)procambium
D)protoderm
E)proembryo
17

Food is stored in seeds in the form of
A)starch
B)proteins
C)fats
D)oils
E)all of the above
18

The suspensor formed in angiosperm seed development links
A)roots to shoots
B)stems to leaves
C)embryo to nutrients
D)cotyledons to epicotyl
E)endosperm to ectosperm
19

In plant embryo development, the bulk of the embryonic interior is
A)epidermal cells
B)ground tissue
C)mesodermal tissue
D)vascular tissue
E)endodermal tissue
20

When cereal grains germinate, amylase and other hydrolytic enzymes are secreted by the
A)scutellam
B)suspensor
C)aleurone layer
D)endosperm
E)apical meristem
21

In angiosperm embryos, the shoot apical meristem may be located at the tips of the
A)hypocotyl
B)plumule
C)radicle
D)epicotyl
E)coleoptile
22

Which of the following is(are) associated with germination?
A)increase in water content
B)resumption of metabolism
C)intake of oxygen
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
23

Plant development includes all of the following except
A)seed formation
B)tissue formation
C)formation of embryo and suspensor
D)deteriorating cotyledons during germination
E)cell division at the apical meristem
24

Plant development involves the activity of homeotic genes which control
A)the orientation of the roots and stems
B)the start of germination
C)the formation of seeds
D)the patterned formation of organ tissues
E)all of the above
25

Early development in angiosperms and gymnosperms differs in that
A)cells move and change position in angiosperm development but not in gymnosperm development
B)a suspensor forms in the angiosperms but not in the gymnosperms
C)cell walls don't form between daughter nuclei following the initial cell divisions in the zygote of gymnosperms but they do in angiosperms
D)the shoot apical meristem forms near the micropyle in gymnosperms but at the opposite end in angiosperms
E)gymnosperms have only one cotyledon while angiosperms have two
26

Which of the following is not matched correctly?
A)coleoptile-monocot only
B)plumule-dicot only
C)two cotyledons-dicot only
D)one cotyledon-monocot only
E)endosperm-monocot and dicot
27

A seed develops from a (an)
A)pollen grain
B)embryo
C)ovule
D)ovary
E)megaspore
28

The condition that is needed by most seeds to break dormancy is
A)exposure to heat
B)exposure to cold
C)abrasion of the seed
D)exposure to moisture
E)embedded in soil
29

Following germination, the emerging plant gains nutrients for metabolism from the surrounding soil.
A)True
B)False
30

The cotyledons become the first leaves of the plant.
A)True
B)False








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