| assembly line | a product layout where a sequence of operations and tasks is performed on the end item at workstations strategically located at points along the length of the line.
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| automation | machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically.
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| balance delay | the percentage of idle time of a line.
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| batch processing | layouts for the production of a moderate variety of end items in batches.
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| cellular production | layouts in which machines are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements.
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| computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) | the use of computers in process control.
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| computer-integrated manufacturing | a system for linking a broad range of manufacturing systems through an integrating computer system.
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| cycle time | the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit..
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| desired output rate | the effective demand for units of a product, translated into a daily rate of output.
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| fixed-position layout | layout in which the product or project remains stationary and workers, materials and equipment are moved about as needed.
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| flexible manufacturing system (FMS) | a group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products.
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| group technology | grouping items that have similar design or processing characteristics into part families.
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| job shop | layouts for the production of a low volume of each of a large variety of goods (or services).
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| line balancing | the process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements.
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| manufacturing cell | a group of workstations dedicated to production of a limited number of similar parts.
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| maximum cycle time | the sum of the task times.
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| minimum cycle time | the time required by the longest task.
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| Muther grid | a chart that displays an index of closeness ratings for every pair of departments or work centers. It is used to assign work centers to positions in a process layout.
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| numerically controlled (NC) machines | cutting machines that are directed by a tape produced by a digital computer.
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| operating time | clock time available in a day of production, after subtracting scheduled stops and breaks.
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| outsource | obtaining goods or services from an external provider.
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| precedence diagram | a diagram that shows the sequence of tasks to be performed on a unit of product in an assembly line.
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| process layout | a layout that can handle varied processing requirements.
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| production line (or assembly line) | a standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks.
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| product layout | a layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow.
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| product profiling | Linking key product or service requirements to process capabilities.
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| project | non-routine production or developmental planning and construction with relatively long task times for a network of tasks requiring specialized skills and services.
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| robot | a machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a power supply, and a controller.
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| task time | the time required to perform a given task on a unit of product.
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| technology | the application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes.
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| technological innovation | the discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them.
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| workstation | a location on an assembly line where a series of tasks is performed on units of a product.
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| work center | a location in a process layout where a specified group of tasks is performed on a unit or batch of material.
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