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| fragment | a word group that lacks a subject or a verb and/or one that does not express a complete thought. Ex.: Whenever I go to school. ("Whenever," a dependent word, cannot introduce a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone.) |
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| dependent-word fragment | The most common type of fragment, a dependent-word fragment has a subject and a verb but fails to express a complete thought. Ex.: Because the sky is blue. |
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| fragment without a subject | a fragment lacking a subject Ex.: She turned her back. And then walked quickly away. |
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| -ing and to fragments | fragments beginning with "-ing" words or with "to" Ex. 1: Planning on getting up early. The man went to sleep without finishing his report. Ex. 2: Laura went home. To finish her homework. |
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| example fragment | word groups beginning with "including," "such as," "especially," or "for example" Ex.: She took all of her jewelry off. Including her class ring. |