 |
| 1 | |
Which statement is correct? |
| | A) | Global warming is an effect observed mainly in the stratosphere. |
| | B) | International response to global warming resulted in the Montreal Protocol. |
| | C) | A credible consequence of global warming is altered climate. |
| | D) | Eliminating the production of CFCs was an effective remedy for global warming. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
To maintain Earth's energy balance, incoming energy from the Sun must equal energy that radiates back into space. Which is the main process that returns energy into space? |
| | A) | emission from the atmosphere |
| | B) | absorption by the atmosphere |
| | C) | reflection from the surface of Earth |
| | D) | change from longer to shorter wavelengths |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
What is the molar mass of CH3OCH3? |
| | A) | 59.45 g/mol |
| | B) | 45.35 g/mol |
| | C) | 57.02 g/mol |
| | D) | 46.06 g/mol |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Assuming we can isolate a small, finite number of atoms or molecules and weigh them, which would have the greatest mass? |
| | A) | 1 atom of uranium (U) |
| | B) | 10 molecules of water (H2O) |
| | C) | 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| | D) | 2 atoms of strontium (Sr) |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Which molecular geometry and bond angle describe carbon dioxide? |
| | A) | tetrahedral, 109.5o |
| | B) | trigonal planar, 120o |
| | C) | linear, 180o |
| | D) | bent, 90o |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
The carbon cycle describes the exchange of carbon between Earth's atmosphere, land, and water. Which processes add carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere?
I. deforestation by cutting and burning trees
II. deposition of calcium carbonate in the oceans
III. combustion of fossil fuels
IV. respiration of humans and animals |
| | A) | I, II, III only |
| | B) | I, III only |
| | C) | I, III, IV only |
| | D) | II, III, IV only |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
How do the terms greenhouse effect and global warming differ? |
| | A) | The terms are not different; they refer to the same thing. |
| | B) | The greenhouse effect refers only to processes in a limited region of the Earth's surface. Global warming refers to processes that are global in nature. |
| | C) | Global warming refers to the return of 80% of heat energy to earth. The greenhouse effect is the increase in the amount of heat energy returned to earth caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. |
| | D) | The greenhouse effect is the return of 80% of heat energy to earth. Global warming is the increase in the amount of heat returned to earth caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Possible consequences of continued global warming include: |
| | A) | changes in agricultural productivity. |
| | B) | lowered sea levels, leaving present coastal areas far inland. |
| | C) | increased deforestation in areas such as the American Midwest. |
| | D) | further destruction of the ozone layer, leading to increased skin cancer. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Caffeine has the formula C8H10N4O2. How many molecules are in 10.0 g of pure caffeine? (The molar mass of C8H10N4O2 is 194 g/mol.) |
| | A) | 8.6 x 10-26 |
| | B) | 3.1 x 1022 |
| | C) | 6.0 x 1024 |
| | D) | 1.2 x 1027 |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Consider this information about two greenhouse gases:, N2O and CCl2F2. The gas N2O has a greenhouse factor of 160 and an abundance in the troposphere of 3.0 x 10-5%. CCl2F2 has a greenhouse factor of 25000 and an abundance in the troposphere of 4.8 x 10-8%. Which statement is correct? |
| | A) | CCl2F2 is a more effective greenhouse gas, and there is less of it in the troposphere. |
| | B) | CCl2F2 is a less effective greenhouse gas, and there is less of it in the troposphere. |
| | C) | CCl2F2 is a more effective greenhouse gas, and there is more of it in the troposphere. |
| | D) | CCl2F2 is a less effective greenhouse gas, and there is more of it in the troposphere. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
How do scientists know how concentration of carbon dioxide has changed if atmospheric data from the last several thousand years are not available? |
| | A) | Ice cores have been analyzed for the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12. |
| | B) | Computer modeling of the composition of primitive atmospheres has produced the data. |
| | C) | Current measurements are combined with information from magnetic fields in dinosaur bones. |
| | D) | Air bubbles trapped in the sedimentary layers on the ocean floor have been analyzed for CO2. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Which factors should be considered when deciding which greenhouse gases to target for control?
I. greenhouse factor
II. relative abundance
III. atmospheric lifetime |
| | A) | I and II only |
| | B) | I, II, and III |
| | C) | I and III only |
| | D) | II and III only |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
How many grams of CO2 are needed to have exactly 3.0 x 102 mol of CO2? |
| | A) | 3.0 x 102 g |
| | B) | 6.6 x 103 g |
| | C) | 1.3 x 104 g |
| | D) | 1.8 x 1026 g |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Which vibrational mode for carbon dioxide does not contribute to the greenhouse effect?
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232421/Image7.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (28.0K)</a>]]>
|
| | A) | vibration (a) |
| | B) | vibration (b) |
| | C) | vibration (c) |
| | D) | vibration (d) |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
How many atoms are in 0.35 mol of CO2? |
| | A) | 2.1 x 1023 |
| | B) | 6.3 x 1023 |
| | C) | 5.8 x 10–25 |
| | D) | 1.7 x 10–24 |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
How do the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of Ag-109 compare with those of Ag-107? |
| | A) | Both have the same number of neutrons, but Ag-109 has two more protons and two more electrons. |
| | B) | Both have the same number of neutrons and electrons, but Ag-109 has two more protons. |
| | C) | Both have the same number of protons and neutrons, but Ag-107 has two more electrons. |
| | D) | Both have the same number of protons and electrons, but Ag-109 has two more neutrons. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
This is the Lewis structure for trifluorochloromethane, CClF3.
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232421/Image8.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (7.0K)</a>]]>
What is the predicted Cl-to-C-to-F bond angle in the tetrahedral molecule? |
| | A) | 90o |
| | B) | 109.5o |
| | C) | 120o |
| | D) | 180o |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
World emissions for CO2 in 1995 totaled 6.46 billion tons. Which statement is true about projections for 2035? |
| | A) | Total emissions are expected to rise, with a higher percent of the total coming from the developed world. |
| | B) | Total emissions are expected to rise, with a higher percent of the total coming from the developing world. |
| | C) | Total emissions are expected to fall in both developed and developing parts of the world. |
| | D) | Total emissions are expected to fall, with a higher percent of the total from the developed world. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Which country has shown the greatest percentage increase in CO2 emissions in the time period between 1950 and 2000? |
| | A) | China |
| | B) | United States |
| | C) | Germany |
| | D) | Poland |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Both the Clinton and G. W. Bush administrations have been unwilling to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. In addition to potential economic effects, what is another U.S. objection to the treaty? |
| | A) | The target emission levels are not sufficiently low to stop global warming. |
| | B) | The treaty does not include any provisions for trading emission allowances. |
| | C) | No provisions are in place to limit greenhouse gas emissions for developing countries. |
| | D) | Enforcement of the Protocol would be impossible even after ratification. |
|
|
.