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| 1 | |
As of 2008, which is the major end use of crude oil in the United States? |
| | A) | lubricants |
| | B) | jet fuel |
| | C) | gasoline |
| | D) | manufacturing plastics |
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| 2 | |
Explosives are chemicals that give off a great deal of heat (and often gas) when detonated. Reactions in which reactant molecules have _________ bonds and product molecules have ______ bonds release the most energy. |
| | A) | strong, strong |
| | B) | weak, weak |
| | C) | weak, strong |
| | D) | weak, weak |
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| 3 | |
The First Law of Thermodynamics says |
| | A) | the entropy of the universe is increasing. |
| | B) | energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. |
| | C) | heat flows from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| | D) | energy drives both industrial and economic progress. |
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| 4 | |
Which arrow in the diagram represents the activation energy for this reaction?
A + B → C + D
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image13.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (8.0K)</a>]]>
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| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 2 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 4 |
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| 5 | |
Power plants generate electricity by harnessing the energy stored in chemical bonds. Which lists, in the correct order, the forms that the energy takes to get from a fossil fuel to an electrical outlet? |
| | A) | electrical energy → mechanical energy → heat energy → potential energy |
| | B) | electrical energy → heat energy → mechanical energy → potential energy |
| | C) | potential energy → heat energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy |
| | D) | potential energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy → heat energy |
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| 6 | |
Reformulated gasolines contain ________ and were developed to meet __________. |
| | A) | dissolved oxygen gas, mandates of the Clean Air Act and its amendments. |
| | B) | both octane and isooctane, the demands of consumers. |
| | C) | oxygen-containing compounds, mandates of the Clean Air Act and its amendments. |
| | D) | MTBE, water quality mandates in California. |
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| 7 | |
Gasohol is a mixture of ethanol and petroleum-based products that can be used as an alternative fuel for cars. Which statements are considered disadvantages for increased use of gasohol?
I. Ethanol can be produced from renewable resources, such as corn and switch grass.
II. Use of corn for fuel may limit the availability of corn for food.
III. Complete combustion of gasohol produces greenhouse gases.
IV. Decreased dependence on foreign oil. |
| | A) | I and II only |
| | B) | II and III only |
| | C) | I and IV only |
| | D) | III and IV only |
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| 8 | |
Which graph shows an endothermic reaction with curve A representing the uncatalyzed reaction and curve B representing the catalyzed reaction? |
| | A) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image14.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (5.0K)</a>]]> |
| | B) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image15.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (5.0K)</a>]]> |
| | C) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image16.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (4.0K)</a>]]> |
| | D) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image17.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (4.0K)</a>]]> |
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| 9 | |
Using a bond energy table, estimate the energy change associated with the production of one mole of ethanol from ethylene and water.
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image18.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (8.0K)</a>]]>
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| | A) | -94 kJ |
| | B) | -43 kJ |
| | C) | +172 kJ |
| | D) | +313 kJ |
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| 10 | |
Which is the same structural isomer as the isomer of hexane shown below? (Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity.)
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image19.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (5.0K)</a>]]>
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| | A) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image20.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>]]>
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| | B) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image21.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>]]>
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| | C) |  <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image22.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>]]>
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| | D) |
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image23.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>]]> |
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| 11 | |
Which statement about gasoline is correct? |
| | A) | Gasoline is a mixture of molecules that includes many hydrocarbons. |
| | B) | "Octane" rating is a misnomer because the substance octane has a terrible "octane rating." |
| | C) | Oxygenated additives like ethanol help lower auto emissions and raise the octane rating. |
| | D) | All of these statements are correct. |
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| 12 | |
Crude oil is a valuable source of organic molecules, mostly hydrocarbons. Which statement is true? |
| | A) | Some of the volatile components are used as feedstocks, sources of other manufactured molecules. |
| | B) | Oil is refined or distilled into various fractions like gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil. |
| | C) | Oil can be "cracked" to make smaller molecules from larger molecules. |
| | D) | All of these statements are true. |
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| 13 | |
Consider the single bond energy values: H-H = 436 kJ/mol; C-H = 416 kJ/mol; N-H = 391 kJ/mol; O-H = 467 kJ/mol. Which molecule would require the greatest amount of energy to break into its component atoms? |
| | A) | CH4 |
| | B) | NH3 |
| | C) | H2O |
| | D) | H2 |
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| 14 | |
Which statement is false? |
| | A) | Gasoline is a mixture of molecules, containing mostly hydrocarbons. |
| | B) | Several decades ago, tetraethyl lead was used as a gasoline additive to control engine knocking. |
| | C) | Oxygenated additives like ethanol help lower some emissions and raise the octane rating. |
| | D) | None of the answers are false; all are true. |
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| 15 | |
Which is a fossil fuel? |
| | A) | ethanol |
| | B) | natural gas |
| | C) | uranium |
| | D) | wood |
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| 16 | |
Which conclusion is not supported by the data available in a table of bond energies? |
| | A) | A nitrogen-to-carbon single bond is about half as strong as a fluorine-to-hydrogen single bond. |
| | B) | All of the elements make stronger single bonds to hydrogen than to any other atom listed. |
| | C) | Double bonds between atoms are less than twice as strong as single bonds between the same atoms. |
| | D) | Single bonds between Group VIIA atoms and hydrogen increase in strength as the atomic number of the Group VIIA atom increases. |
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| 17 | |
As of 2008 in the U.S. the two energy sources that contribute almost equally to our total energy use are |
| | A) | coal and natural gas. |
| | B) | oil and coal. |
| | C) | natural gas and nuclear electric power. |
| | D) | natural gas and oil. |
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| 18 | |
Which two molecules are isomers?
 <![CDATA[<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0073048763/232422/ch04_Image24.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (15.0K)</a>]]>
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| | A) | I and II only |
| | B) | II and III only |
| | C) | I and III only |
| | D) | I, II, and III |
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| 19 | |
Which describes a major risk associated more with using coal for energy production than with using either petroleum or natural gas? |
| | A) | Greenhouse gases are produced during combustion. |
| | B) | Depletion of the resource is imminent. |
| | C) | There is significant danger for workers who labor to recover it from the earth. |
| | D) | There is the potential for harm to the environment as it is recovered and transported. |
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| 20 | |
Fuel economy of cars and trucks in the U.S. |
| | A) | has been nearly constant since 1973. |
| | B) | has continually decreased since 1973. |
| | C) | increased in the mid-1970s and has held relatively constant since. |
| | D) | has continually increased since 1973 |
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