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| 1 | |
Which set of steps is typical for the purification of municipal drinking in the U.S.? |
| | A) | ozonation, distillation, chlorination |
| | B) | flocculation, filtration, chlorination |
| | C) | ultraviolet light, ion exchange, filtration |
| | D) | distillation, chlorination, ozonation |
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| 2 | |
Reverse osmosis, the process illustrated in this diagram, is a method used to
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| | A) | produce bottled mineral water, particularly in Europe. |
| | B) | remove dissolved gold from sea water. |
| | C) | remove dissolved solids from salt water. |
| | D) | purify municipal drinking water supplies in areas with soft water. |
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| 3 | |
Which is characteristic of a solution? |
| | A) | Only one solute can be present in a given amount of solvent. |
| | B) | The solute and solvent are present in equal amounts. |
| | C) | The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by simple filtration. |
| | D) | The solute must be a solid and the solvent a liquid. |
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| 4 | |
What is the molarity of a solution containing 3.5 moles of HCl in 5.0 L of water? |
| | A) | 0.70 M |
| | B) | 1.4 M |
| | C) | 3.5 M |
| | D) | 18 M |
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| 5 | |
A calcium ion contains ______ protons, ________ electrons, and has a net charge of ______. |
| | A) | 20, 22, 2+ |
| | B) | 20, 18, 2- |
| | C) | 20, 22, 2- |
| | D) | 20, 18, 2+ |
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| 6 | |
Which is the experimental bond angle in a water molecule? |
| | A) | 90o |
| | B) | 104.5o |
| | C) | 109.5o |
| | D) | 180o |
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| 7 | |
"Like dissolves like" implies that |
| | A) | solvents dissolve solutes that have similar molecular weights. |
| | B) | solvents dissolve solutes that have similar polarity. |
| | C) | solvents dissolve solutes that contain the same kinds of atoms. |
| | D) | ionic salts only dissolve in other ionic salts. |
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| 8 | |
Most of the Earth's fresh water supply is found |
| | A) | in the world's oceans. |
| | B) | in plant material, such as tree roots. |
| | C) | as clouds in the atmosphere. |
| | D) | in ice caps, glaciers, and ground water. |
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| 9 | |
This diagram represents water molecules arranged in the liquid state. The arrow points to a ___________ bond, a type of _________ force.
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| | A) | covalent, intramolecular |
| | B) | covalent bond, intermolecular force |
| | C) | hydrogen bond, intramolecular force |
| | D) | hydrogen bond, intermolecular force |
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| 10 | |
Which federal agency regulates the quality of bottled water in the U.S.? |
| | A) | U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA |
| | B) | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA |
| | C) | U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA |
| | D) | U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA |
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| 11 | |
Numbers 1 - 4 are used to identify four different elements. Based on trends within the periodic table, which element is expected to have the greatest tendency to attract bonded electrons?
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| | A) | element #1 |
| | B) | element #2 |
| | C) | element #3 |
| | D) | element #4 |
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| 12 | |
The MCLG for the nitrate ion in drinking water is 10 ppm. Express this value as a percentage. |
| | A) | 1.0 x 105 % |
| | B) | 1.0 x 103 % |
| | C) | 1.0 x 10-2 % |
| | D) | 1.0 x 10-3 % |
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| 13 | |
Beer is a complex aqueous solution. For example, one liter of a certain beer contains 62 g of ethanol. What is the approximate molarity of ethanol in this beer? |
| | A) | 62 M |
| | B) | 7 M |
| | C) | 1.3 M |
| | D) | 0.6 M |
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| 14 | |
Which is true concerning chlorine molecules in water? |
| | A) | Chlorine serves as an inexpensive, easily delivered, and persistent anti-bacterial in water. |
| | B) | Chlorine reacts with small, naturally-occurring molecules in water to form halogenated organics. |
| | C) | Chlorine reacts with cations in water to make it taste better. |
| | D) | Both statements A and B are true. |
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| 15 | |
Which mechanism(s) help explain how lead ions find their way into drinking water? |
| | A) | Residual lead (lead salts) from "leaded" gasoline that was burned during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s dissolved into the ground water and are still around today. |
| | B) | Lead in pipes or connections between pipes contaminate city and household supplies. |
| | C) | Lead is leached from the soil as the result of chlorine in the water. The process forms lead chloride salts. |
| | D) | All of these are primary mechanisms for the delivery of lead into drinking water. |
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| 16 | |
Which is the most polar bond? |
| | A) | C—H |
| | B) | O—H |
| | C) | Cl—Cl |
| | D) | S—H |
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| 17 | |
The correct formula and charge for the nitrate ion is _______. |
| | A) | NO2+ |
| | B) | NO2- |
| | C) | NO3+ |
| | D) | NO3- |
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| 18 | |
Which of these molecules contains polar covalent bonds but is not a polar molecule?
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| | A) | I only |
| | B) | III only |
| | C) | II and IV only |
| | D) | I and III only |
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| 19 | |
When a 0.1 M solution of sodium m chloride, NaCl, in water is tested for conductivity using the type of apparatus shown the light bulb will ______________; sodium chloride is ________.
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| | A) | light up, not soluble in water. |
| | B) | not light up; in molecular form in aqueous solution. |
| | C) | shine dimly; only partially ionized in aqueous solution. |
| | D) | shine brightly, highly ionized in aqueous solution. |
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| 20 | |
A certain bottled water company advertises that its water has been treated so that there are "clusters" of water molecules that can more effectively penetrate through cell walls to provide maximum hydration. Here is a representation of such a cluster.
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Why is this arrangement of clustered water molecules unlikely? |
| | A) | Water in the liquid state is in regular clusters of six molecules, not five. |
| | B) | Oxygen atoms in water all have the same partial charge and like charges repel. |
| | C) | There are no intermolecular attractions between water molecules. |
| | D) | Each water molecule is only attracted to one other water molecule. |
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