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| 1 | |
Which chemical formula is incorrectly paired with its name? |
| | A) | hydroxide ion, OH– |
| | B) | nitrate ion, NO3– |
| | C) | ammonium ion, NH3+ |
| | D) | carbonate ion, CO32– |
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| 2 | |
Which is not a general property of bases? |
| | A) | They react with acids. |
| | B) | They release OH– in aqueous solution. |
| | C) | They react with carbonates to dissolve them. |
| | D) | They taste bitter (if dilute). |
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| 3 | |
Sulfuric acid can dissociate (ionize) to release two hydrogen ions. Which equation shows this process? |
| | A) | H2SO4(aq) → H+(aq) + H2SO4–(aq) |
| | B) | H2SO4(aq) → 2 H+(aq) + SO42–(aq) |
| | C) | H2SO4(aq) → H2O(l) + SO3(g) |
| | D) | H2SO4(aq) → 2 H+(aq) + S6+(aq) + 4 O2–(aq) |
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| 4 | |
Which compound dissolves in water produce an acid? |
| | A) | CO |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | CH4 |
| | D) | NH3 |
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| 5 | |
Which of these substances can neutralize ammonia? |
| | A) | A) H2SO4 |
| | B) | B) CH4 |
| | C) | C) NaOH |
| | D) | D) SO42– |
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| 6 | |
Which equation represents a neutralization reaction? |
| | A) | HNO3(aq) → H+(aq) + NO3–(aq) |
| | B) | Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l) |
| | C) | SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq) |
| | D) | 2 H+(aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca2+(aq) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l) |
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| 7 | |
KOH(aq) + ________ → KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) |
| | A) | HNO3(aq) |
| | B) | KNO3(aq) |
| | C) | NO3–-(aq) |
| | D) | H+(aq) |
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| 8 | |
A solution that has a pH of 6 is |
| | A) | slightly acidic. |
| | B) | slightly basic. |
| | C) | very acidic. |
| | D) | very basic. |
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| 9 | |
What makes rain acidic naturally? |
| | A) | tiny amounts of dissolved carbon dioxide |
| | B) | even tinier amounts of dissolved organic acids, such as acetic acid |
| | C) | tiny amounts of dissolved SO2 from natural sources |
| | D) | all of these contribute to natural acidity |
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| 10 | |
The term acid rain refers to rain with a pH that is |
| | A) | below 7.0 |
| | B) | below the pH of "normal" rain |
| | C) | above 7.0 |
| | D) | above the pH of "normal" rain |
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| 11 | |
One rain sample has a pH of 3.5 and a second sample has a pH of 4.5. The solution of pH 3.5 is ___________ as acidic as the solution with pH 4.5 |
| | A) | twice |
| | B) | half |
| | C) | ten times |
| | D) | one-tenth |
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| 12 | |
A lake sample has a pH of 6.45 The [H+] in the sample is between |
| | A) | 10-4 and 10-5 M |
| | B) | 10-4 and 10-5 M |
| | C) | 10-5 and 10-6 M |
| | D) | 10-6 and 10-7 M |
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| 13 | |
Which human activity contributes the most to SO2 concentrations in the atmosphere? |
| | A) | agricultural practices, such as using fertilizers |
| | B) | industrial sources, such as processing metal ores |
| | C) | combustion of coal in power plants |
| | D) | combustion of gasoline in automobile engines |
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| 14 | |
The air pollutant SO2 is responsible for much, if not most, of the acid rain around the globe. Which statement is false? |
| | A) | Natural sources of SO2 include volcanic emissions and hot springs. |
| | B) | An anthropogenic (human) source of SO2 is refining (smelting) metal ores. |
| | C) | SO2 can dissolve in rain to form the acid H2SO3. |
| | D) | None of these statements are false; all are true. |
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| 15 | |
Which is not a form of "reactive nitrogen"? |
| | A) | NO, nitrogen monoxide |
| | B) | N2, nitrogen gas |
| | C) | NO2, nitrogen dioxide |
| | D) | NO3–, nitate ion |
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| 16 | |
Reactive forms of nitrogen such the ammonium ion and the nitrate ion are needed for plant growth. What are the chemical formulas of these two ions? |
| | A) | NH4+ and NO3– |
| | B) | NH3+ and NO3– |
| | C) | NH4+ and NO32– |
| | D) | NH3+ and NO32– |
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| 17 | |
What is happening that is disturbing the natural nitrogen cycle? |
| | A) | N2 is being removed from the atmosphere by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. |
| | B) | Excess reactive nitrogen is being added to the atmosphere via NOx emissions. |
| | C) | Ammonia is no longer available as a fertilizer. |
| | D) | NO3– is being consumed too quickly by plants. |
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| 18 | |
The ANC (acid-neutralizing capacity) value of a lake |
| | A) | is equivalent to the pH of the lake water. |
| | B) | indicates the ability of a lake to resist change in pH when acids are added. |
| | C) | predicts how much base should be added to the lake to neutralize the acid rain. |
| | D) | estimates the cost of returning the lake to its optimum pH. |
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| 19 | |
Haze in natural areas such as the Great Smoky Mountain National Park is linked to acid precipitation. The haze is caused by aerosol particles that contain |
| | A) | NO2 suspended in water droplets. |
| | B) | SO2 suspended in water droplets. |
| | C) | H2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4HSO4, suspended in water droplets. |
| | D) | water droplets that are pure H2O. |
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| 20 | |
Some lakes recover relatively quickly once SO2 emissions are reduced. The most likely explanation for this recovery is that these lakes are in regions where |
| | A) | the weather patterns have changed. |
| | B) | limestone rock naturally neutralizes the acid. |
| | C) | fertilizers are used. |
| | D) | any remaining SO2 in these lakes is consumed by vegetation and animals. |
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