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| 1 | |
Which chemical formula is incorrectly paired with its name? |
| | A) | hydrogen ion, H+ |
| | B) | hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO3– |
| | C) | carbonate ion, CO3– |
| | D) | ammonia, NH3 |
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| 2 | |
Which of these is not a general property of acids? |
| | A) | react with other acids |
| | B) | release H+ in aqueous solution |
| | C) | react with carbonates to dissolve them over time |
| | D) | taste sour (if dilute) |
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| 3 | |
Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 HCl (aq) → ______+ 2 H2O(l) |
| | A) | CaCl(aq) |
| | B) | CaCl2(aq) |
| | C) | CaHCl(aq) |
| | D) | Ca(OH)2(aq) |
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| 4 | |
Which equation shows how acids can dissolve limestone or marble? |
| | A) | HNO3(aq) → H+(aq) + NO3–(aq) |
| | B) | Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l) |
| | C) | 2 H+(aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca2+(aq) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l) |
| | D) | SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq) |
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| 5 | |
Which equation represents a neutralization reaction? |
| | A) | SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO2(aq) |
| | B) | HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl(aq) |
| | C) | Mg2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2 H+(aq) + MgCO3(s) |
| | D) | KOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) → KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) |
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| 6 | |
Which of these substances is expected to have the lowest pH? |
| | A) | chocolate milk |
| | B) | lemon juice |
| | C) | sea water |
| | D) | household ammonia |
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| 7 | |
An aqueous solution is considered basic if |
| | A) | the pH of the solution equals 7 |
| | B) | the pH of the solution is less than 7 |
| | C) | [H+] > [OH-] |
| | D) | [H+] < [OH-] |
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| 8 | |
If the concentration of H+(aq) in an aqueous solution is 1 x 10-9 M, what is the pH of the solution? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 5 |
| | C) | 9 |
| | D) | 10 |
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| 9 | |
Acidic rain, fog, and snow all have a pH |
| | A) | lower than pure water |
| | B) | somewhat higher than pure water |
| | C) | much higher than pure water |
| | D) | equal to that of pure water |
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| 10 | |
Which two substances can acidify rain? |
| | A) | SO2(g) and O3(g) |
| | B) | CO(g) and NO(g) |
| | C) | NH3(g) and CO2(g) |
| | D) | SO2(g) and NO2(g) |
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| 11 | |
Acid rain has many different adverse effects. Which incorrectly pairs an item with the effect that acid rain has on it? |
| | A) | marble; erosion of the rock |
| | B) | ironwork; increased rusting |
| | C) | human lungs; cancer |
| | D) | vegetation; growth reduction and leaf loss |
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| 12 | |
By burning coal, what have humans added to the atmosphere that is/are involved in forming acid rain? |
| | A) | both SO2(g) and NO(g) |
| | B) | NO(g) only |
| | C) | SO2(g) only |
| | D) | CO2(g) only |
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| 13 | |
NO(g) and NO2(g) (collectively termed NOx) are |
| | A) | less reactive chemicals than N2(g) |
| | B) | not found naturally in the atmosphere |
| | C) | important chemicals in the nitrogen cycle of our planet |
| | D) | not involved in acid rain because they are not acids |
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| 14 | |
Although NOx emissions get less press than CO2 emissions, nonetheless these emissions have huge environmental consequences. Which is not a problem that is related to NOx emissions? |
| | A) | formation of ozone (smog) |
| | B) | restriction of visibility (haze) |
| | C) | overloading of ecosystems (fertilizers) |
| | D) | all of these are problems. |
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| 15 | |
CaCO3 is a major chemical component in limestone and marble, materials that can be damaged by acid rain. What is the chemical name for CaCO3? |
| | A) | calcium carbonite |
| | B) | calcium carboxide |
| | C) | calcium carbonate |
| | D) | calcium carbon trioxide |
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| 16 | |
Which is not a method used to protect iron from the effects of acid rain? |
| | A) | paint it |
| | B) | coat it with polymers |
| | C) | galvanize it with zinc |
| | D) | immerse it in salt water |
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| 17 | |
Catalytic converters for automobiles were originally developed to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Which chemical equation represents the second function of a modern catalytic converter that is tied to reducing acid rain? |
| | A) | 2 CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) |
| | B) | CO2(g) → C (g) + O2(g) |
| | C) | 2 NO(g) → N2(g) + O2(g) |
| | D) | 2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO2(g) |
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| 18 | |
What is the connection between NOx emissions and ozone formation? |
| | A) | NO decomposes in the atmosphere to form ozone |
| | B) | NO2 decomposes in the atmosphere to form ozone |
| | C) | With sunlight, NO splits to release O which in turn reacts with O2 to form ozone. |
| | D) | With sunlight, NO2 splits to release O which in turn reacts with O2 to form ozone. |
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| 19 | |
If somebody stops five people on the street and asks them about nitrogen (or sulfur) emissions, we hope they will report that reducing these is an exceedingly cost-effective investment. Why? |
| | A) | There will be noticeably fewer illnesses and deaths from air pollution. |
| | B) | There will be less upset to the nitrogen cycle of our planet. |
| | C) | There will be better visibility and less haze in many areas |
| | D) | All of the above (you guessed it!) |
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| 20 | |
Which best represents the problem of acid rain? |
| | A) | Acid rain is a simple problem that can be solved by individual action. |
| | B) | Acid rain is a somewhat straightforward problem that can be solved by a combination of actions, especially by industry. |
| | C) | Acid rain is a somewhat complex problem but can be solved in a straightforward manner by not burning coal. |
| | D) | Acid rain is a complex problem and will require many different individual and collective actions to solve. |
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