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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
- Understand that measurement is a process.
- Understand the principle that numbers have no inherent meaning until the researcher assigns or imposes meaning.
- Develop categories for nominal data that are mutually exclusive, exhaustive, and equivalent.
- Distinguish among the three types of continuous level data-ordinal, interval, and ratio-and use them appropriately.
- Develop effective and appropriate Likerttype scales.
- Understand the basic principles of validity and reliability and how they affect research results.
- Understand the relationship between validity and reliability.
- Consider research design issues that may threaten validity and reliability.
- Collect, report, and interpret data accurately, ethically, and responsibly.
- Question the measurement procedures and data interpretations reported by researchers.
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