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| 1 | |
Water is redistributed through the hydrologic cycle by all except: |
| | A) | respiration |
| | B) | evaporation |
| | C) | precipitation |
| | D) | transpiration |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following would be a producer (or autotroph) in the food chain? |
| | A) | humans |
| | B) | plants |
| | C) | bacteria |
| | D) | fish |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is not a symptom of eutrophication? |
| | A) | fish kills |
| | B) | large masses of algae |
| | C) | prolific weed growth |
| | D) | excessively high oxygen levels |
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| 4 | |
Dams and reservoirs are responsible for all except: |
| | A) | introduction of exotic species |
| | B) | increases in salinity of soil |
| | C) | reduction in the amount of nutrients downstream |
| | D) | subsidence |
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| 5 | |
According to the map in Figure 12.5, which of the following countries has less than 10,001 cubic feet per capita of renewable water resources? |
| | A) | Australia |
| | B) | Canada |
| | C) | Angola |
| | D) | the United States |
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| 6 | |
Worldwide, which activity accounts for the greatest percentage of freshwater usage? |
| | A) | mining |
| | B) | industry |
| | C) | irrigated agriculture |
| | D) | urbanization |
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| 7 | |
Aside from overhunting, the main cause of animal species extinction has been: |
| | A) | biological magnification |
| | B) | loss or alteration of wildlife habitats |
| | C) | introduction of exotic species |
| | D) | water pollution |
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| 8 | |
Concentration of such substances as DDT in plants and animals exemplifies a process known as: |
| | A) | biological magnification |
| | B) | eutrophication |
| | C) | biocide |
| | D) | thermal pollution |
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| 9 | |
The largest underground water supply in the U.S. is located in the: |
| | A) | Florida Everglades |
| | B) | Great Lakes Basin |
| | C) | High Plains from South Dakota to west Texas |
| | D) | Tennessee Valley |
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| 10 | |
Which activity contributes to water pollution more than any other throughout the world? |
| | A) | hydroelectric power generation |
| | B) | agriculture |
| | C) | industry |
| | D) | urbanization |
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| 11 | |
An example of high-level hazardous waste is: |
| | A) | detergent wastes |
| | B) | organic solvents |
| | C) | pharmaceutical waste |
| | D) | spent nuclear power reactor fuel assemblies |
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| 12 | |
The three main types of pollutants found in agricultural runoff are: |
| | A) | animal wastes, biocides, fertilizers |
| | B) | animal wastes, sediment, inorganic solvents |
| | C) | biocides, e-coli bacteria, organic solvents |
| | D) | biocides, herbicides, pesticides |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following is an example of point source pollution? |
| | A) | Fertilizer runoff |
| | B) | Spraying lawns with pesticides |
| | C) | De-icing salt on roads |
| | D) | Sewage discharge pipe |
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| 14 | |
Chemicals that kill living organisms are collectively called: |
| | A) | biogenetics |
| | B) | biomass |
| | C) | biocides |
| | D) | biosphere |
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| 15 | |
An aquifer is: |
| | A) | a pipeline which transports water to urban areas |
| | B) | responsible for 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in the United States |
| | C) | the cause of regional water shortages |
| | D) | an underground zone of water-saturated sands and gravels |
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| 16 | |
What is the second largest expenditure for most local governments in the United States? |
| | A) | wetlands protection |
| | B) | solid-waste disposal |
| | C) | air quality monitoring |
| | D) | endangered species protection |
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| 17 | |
What is the primary source of air pollution in the United States? |
| | A) | industry |
| | B) | transportation |
| | C) | solid waste incineration |
| | D) | fuel combustion from stationary sources |
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| 18 | |
Channelization refers to: |
| | A) | the artificial means of straightening or widening river flow |
| | B) | recycling of treated water back into a river |
| | C) | extraction of groundwater to farmlands |
| | D) | deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river |
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| 19 | |
The most common method of solid waste disposal in the United States is: |
| | A) | recycling |
| | B) | incineration |
| | C) | sanitary landfills |
| | D) | ocean dumping |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following concerning air pollution is not correct? |
| | A) | Advanced industrialized countries are the only source of air pollution. |
| | B) | Burning of fossil fuels creates the largest proportion of pollutants. |
| | C) | Dust from volcanic eruptions can temporarily alter the atmosphere. |
| | D) | Truly clean air has probably never existed. |
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| 21 | |
An exotic species is a plant or animal that: |
| | A) | is very rare |
| | B) | is released into a foreign ecosystem |
| | C) | is very expensive to purchase |
| | D) | lives in a tropical climate |
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| 22 | |
Acid rain contamination along the eastern seaboard of the United States is blamed primarily on: |
| | A) | increased automobile emissions from states like California |
| | B) | global warming |
| | C) | Midwestern coal burning power stations and industries |
| | D) | recent major volcanic eruptions in Asia |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following does not place growing demands on water supplies? |
| | A) | hydrologic cycle |
| | B) | agriculture |
| | C) | suburban residential development |
| | D) | industrialization |
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| 24 | |
Depletion of the earth's ozone layer is expected to lead to all of the following consequences except: |
| | A) | increases in the incidence of skin cancer |
| | B) | increases in human vulnerability to a variety of infectious diseases |
| | C) | more frequent and violent hurricanes |
| | D) | threatens the existence of plankton at the base of the marine food chain |
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| 25 | |
The single greatest contributor to solid wastes is: |
| | A) | agriculture |
| | B) | mining |
| | C) | tourism |
| | D) | municipalities |
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| 26 | |
What term refers to the self-sustaining units that consist of all the organisms and physical features existing together in a particular area? |
| | A) | niche |
| | B) | food chain |
| | C) | ecosystem |
| | D) | biosphere |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following does not contribute to ozone depletion? |
| | A) | chloroflurorocarbons |
| | B) | methyl bromide |
| | C) | halons |
| | D) | fertilizers |
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| 28 | |
Which atmospheric conditions promote the development of photochemical smog? |
| | A) | high winds |
| | B) | hot, sunny conditions |
| | C) | precipitation |
| | D) | cold, overcast conditions |
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| 29 | |
An industrial plant that discharges warm water into a lake is causing what type of pollution? |
| | A) | non-point source pollution |
| | B) | leachate pollution |
| | C) | low-level hazardous waste pollution |
| | D) | thermal pollution |
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| 30 | |
E-waste refers to: |
| | A) | discarded consumer electronic products |
| | B) | e-coli entering water systems |
| | C) | fertilizers that cause eutrophication |
| | D) | energy-related waste from the extraction and processing of coal and petroleum |
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| 31 | |
What type of liquid is formed when precipitation mixes with decomposing solid waste materials? |
| | A) | halons |
| | B) | nitrates |
| | C) | leachate |
| | D) | acid rain |
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| 32 | |
Susidence refers to: |
| | A) | loss of a species |
| | B) | the settling or sinking of a portion of land surface |
| | C) | residue of salts left on the topsoil |
| | D) | growing crops to feed one’s family |
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| 33 | |
The specific place of an organism in an ecosystem is called its: |
| | A) | habitat |
| | B) | biosphere |
| | C) | niche |
| | D) | trophic level |
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| 34 | |
The major cause of "dead zones" in seas and oceans is: |
| | A) | PCBs entering the waterways |
| | B) | thermal pollution |
| | C) | excessive sediment runoff |
| | D) | high levels of nutrients from agricultural runoff |
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| 35 | |
More than 90% of the sewage in the developing world is disposed of by: |
| | A) | incineration |
| | B) | recycling |
| | C) | dumping into bodies of water |
| | D) | burying in landfills |
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