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| 1 | |
The two most common responses to the uncertainty of natural hazards are to eliminate the uncertainty and: |
| | A) | eliminate the hazard. |
| | B) | make it determinate and knowable. |
| | C) | move to a less hazardous area. |
| | D) | transfer the uncertainty to a higher power. |
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| 2 | |
Directional biases to information flows in North America tend to follow: |
| | A) | east–west patterns. |
| | B) | north–south patterns. |
| | C) | northeast–southwest patterns. |
| | D) | northwest–southeast patterns. |
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| 3 | |
In the social applications of the gravity model, distance is usually measured by: |
| | A) | linear miles. |
| | B) | number of telephones. |
| | C) | intervening opportunities. |
| | D) | travel time or cost. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following would not be considered a reason to migrate for a contemporary American? |
| | A) | changes in career course |
| | B) | changes in life course |
| | C) | individual personality requirements |
| | D) | changes in political affiliation |
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| 5 | |
With respect to migration fields: |
| | A) | areas near the point of origin constitute the largest segment. |
| | B) | the size of the destination is not a factor. |
| | C) | the movement of retirees to Florida is a good example. |
| | D) | they are the same as channelized migration flows. |
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| 6 | |
City 1 (200,000 population) and City 2 (600,000 population) are 50 miles apart. The breaking point (BP) or boundary marking the outer edge of their respective trade areas is: |
| | A) | 12.5 miles from each city. |
| | B) | 18.3 miles from City 1. |
| | C) | 28.9 miles from City 2. |
| | D) | 32.3 miles from City 1. |
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| 7 | |
An example of a pull factor for migration is: |
| | A) | a desire to escape war and persecution. |
| | B) | a higher-paying job in a nearby city. |
| | C) | overcrowding in major cities. |
| | D) | reduction of rural farm workers. |
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| 8 | |
The length of time required to make a transcontinental telephone connection has declined from 14 minutes in 1920 to less than 30 seconds today. This is an example of: |
| | A) | critical distance. |
| | B) | space-time convergence. |
| | C) | space-cost convergence. |
| | D) | time-space prisms. |
| | E) | distance decay |
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| 9 | |
A comparison of Figure 3.13(a) with Figure 3.13(b) would lead one to conclude that: |
| | A) | distance decay operates more strongly on the Old Order Mennonites. |
| | B) | Old Order Mennonites are lazier than cash-economy Canadians. |
| | C) | Old Order Mennonites have a longer critical distance. |
| | D) | rural cash-economy Canadians like to shop. |
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| 10 | |
Of all types of trips taken by urban residents, that which is least influenced by distance decay is: |
| | A) | personal business trips. |
| | B) | school trips. |
| | C) | shopping trips. |
| | D) | work trips. |
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| 11 | |
In most societies, the most mobile segment of the population is: |
| | A) | retirees. |
| | B) | teenagers. |
| | C) | the middle aged. |
| | D) | young adults |
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| 12 | |
All of the following are included in Ravenstein's laws of migration except: |
| | A) | most migration proceeds step-by-step. |
| | B) | most migrants go only a short distance. |
| | C) | most migration is urban to rural. |
| | D) | most migrants are adults. |
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| 13 | |
The gravity model and the potential model differ from each other because: |
| | A) | the gravity model does not take distance into account. |
| | B) | the potential model makes no provision for size of places. |
| | C) | the potential model accounts for interaction between many places, while the gravity model deals with only two places at a time. |
| | D) | they do not differ at all. |
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| 14 | |
The extent of individual activity space depends on all of the following except: |
| | A) | means of mobility. |
| | B) | opportunity for interaction. |
| | C) | stage in the life course. |
| | D) | strength of territoriality. |
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| 15 | |
People choose to settle in hazardous areas for all of the following reasons except: |
| | A) | hazardous areas are often residentially desirable. |
| | B) | hazardous events are relatively rare. |
| | C) | no information is available about the natural hazards of any location. |
| | D) | with time, the memory of previous hazardous events fades. |
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| 16 | |
Chain migration occurs when: |
| | A) | migrants go from rural areas to central cities in a series of less extreme locational changes. |
| | B) | an advance group of migrants, once established in a new area, is followed by second and subsequent migrations from the same home district. |
| | C) | large numbers of migrants return to their place of origin. |
| | D) | migrants respond to push and pull factors simultaneously. |
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| 17 | |
California produces vegetables in wintertime for sale to markets in the East and Midwest. This would be explained by the principle of: |
| | A) | complementarity. |
| | B) | directional bias. |
| | C) | intervening opportunity. |
| | D) | distance decay. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is not demonstrated by Figure 3.4? |
| | A) | Light truck trips in Chicago have a greater friction of distance than rail shipments in general. |
| | B) | The cost, by truck, is greater than the cost of shipping by rail. |
| | C) | The steeper the slope of the interaction curve the lower the friction of distance. |
| | D) | Volume of interaction decreases with increasing distance. |
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| 19 | |
With respect to space-time prisms, they are steepest and spatially most narrow under which mode of transportation? |
| | A) | airplane |
| | B) | automobile |
| | C) | bicycle |
| | D) | walking |
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| 20 | |
The value of a place as a migration destination is known as its: |
| | A) | critical distance. |
| | B) | directional bias. |
| | C) | place utility. |
| | D) | spatial search. |
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| 21 | |
The presence or absence of connecting channels strongly affects the likelihood that spatial interaction will occur. This is an indication of: |
| | A) | distance bias. |
| | B) | network bias. |
| | C) | directional bias. |
| | D) | critical distance. |
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| 22 | |
Female migrants are motivated primarily by: |
| | A) | the desire to find marriage partners. |
| | B) | push factors associated with civil wars. |
| | C) | economic pushes and pulls. |
| | D) | changes in the life cycle. |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following is not one of the three interrelated considerations in transferability as an expression of the mobility of a commodity? |
| | A) | the characteristics and value of the product. |
| | B) | the distance measured, in time and money penalties, over which it must be moved. |
| | C) | the ability of the commodity to bear the costs of movement. |
| | D) | the product's ability to meet the different regulatory laws of the areas through which it moves. |
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| 24 | |
Because of the multiple work, child-care, and home maintenance tasks, women's trip behavior differs from that of men by the fact that they make: |
| | A) | more but shorter trips. |
| | B) | fewer but longer trips. |
| | C) | fewer but shorter trips. |
| | D) | more but longer trips. |
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| 25 | |
After work and family proximity, the factors most often reported as a reason for interstate moves by adults is: |
| | A) | climate. |
| | B) | standard of living. |
| | C) | political system. |
| | D) | unfamiliarity. |
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