| Adware | software to generate ads that installs itself on your computer when you download some other (usually free) program from the Web.
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| Anonymous Web browsing (AWB) | services hide your identity from the Web sites you visit.
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| Anti-virus software | detects and removes or quarantines computer viruses.
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| Backup | the process of making a copy of the information stored on a computer.
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| Biometrics | the use of your physical characteristics-such as your fingerprint, the blood vessels in the retina of your eye, the sound of your voice, or perhaps even your breath-to provide identification.
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| Clickstream | is a stored record about your Web surfing session, such as what Web sites you visited, how long you were there, what ads you looked at, and what you bought.
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| Cookie | a small record deposited on your hard disk by a Web site containing information about you and your Web activities.
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| Computer virus (or simply a virus) | software that is written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage.
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| Copyright | the legal protection afforded to an expression of an idea, such as a song, video game, and some types of proprietary documents.
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| Counterfeit software | software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such.
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| Denial-of-service (DoS) attack | floods a Web site with so many requests for service that it slows down or crashes.
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| Encryption | scrambles the contents of a file so that you can't read it without the right decryption key.
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| Ethics | the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people.
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| Fair Use Doctrine | allows you to use copyrighted material in certain situations.
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| Firewall | hardware and/or software that protects a computer or network from intruders.
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| Grid computing | harnesses far-flung computers together by way of the Internet or a virtual private network to share CPU power, databases, and storage.
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| Hacker | a very knowledgeable computer user who uses his or her knowledge to invade other people's computers.
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| Hardware key logger | a hardware device that captures keystrokes on their journey from the keyboard to the motherboard.
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| Intellectual property | intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form.
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| Intrusion-detection software | looks for people on the network who shouldn't be there or who are acting suspiciously.
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| Pirated software | is the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution or sale of copyrighted software.
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| Privacy | the right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent.
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| Public key encryption (PKE) | an encryption system that uses two keys: a public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient.
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| Risk assessment | the process of evaluating IT assets, their importance to the organization, and their susceptibility to threats, to measure the risk exposure of these assets.
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| Risk management | consists of the identification of risks or threats, the implementation of security measures, and the monitoring of those measures for effectiveness.
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| Safe-harbor principles | the set of rules to which U.S. businesses that want to trade with the European Union (EU) must adhere.
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| Security auditing software | checks out your computer or network for potential weaknesses.
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| Spyware (also called sneakware or stealthware) | software that comes hidden in free downloadable software and tracks your online movements, mines the information stored on your computer, or uses your computer's CPU and storage for some task you know nothing about.
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| Trojan horse software | software you don't want hidden inside software you do want.
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| Web log | consists of one line of information for every visitor to a Web site and is usually stored on a Web server.
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| Worm | a type of virus that spreads itself, not just from file to file, but from computer to computer via e-mail and other Internet traffic.
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