| Black-hat hackers | cyber vandals.
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| Computer crime | a crime in which a computer, or computers, plays a significant part.
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| Computer forensics | the collection, authentication, preservation, and examination of electronic information for presentation in court.
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| Computer virus (or simply a virus) | software that is written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage.
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| Cracker | a hacker for hire; a person who engages in electronic corporate espionage.
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| Cyberterrorist | one who seeks to cause harm to people or destroy critical systems or information.
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| Denial-of-service (DoS) attack | floods a Web site with so many requests for service that it slows down or crashes.
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| Distributed denial-of-service (DDos) | attack attack from multiple computers that flood a Web site with so many requests for service that it slows down or crashes.
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| Encryption | scrambles the contents of a file so that you can't read it without the right decryption key.
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| Ethical (or white-hat) hacker | a computer security professional who is hired by a company to break into its computer system.
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| Forensic image copy | an exact copy or snapshot of the contents of an electronic medium.
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| Hacker | a very knowledgeable computer user who uses his or her knowledge to invade other people's computers.
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| Hacktivist | a politically motivated hacker who uses the Internet to send a political message of some kind.
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| Key logger (or key trapper) | software a program that, when installed on a computer, records every keystroke and mouse click.
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| Macro virus | spreads by binding itself to software such as Word or Excel.
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| MD5 hash value | a mathematically generated string of 32 letters and digits that is unique for an individual storage medium at a specific point in time.
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| Script bunny (or script kiddie) | someone who would like to be a hacker but doesn't have much technical expertise.
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| Script kiddie (or script bunny) | someone who would like to be a hacker but doesn't have much technical expertise.
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| Slack space | the space left over from the end of the file to the end of the cluster.
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| Social engineering | conning your way into acquiring information that you have no right to.
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| Spoofing | the forging of the return address on an e-mail so that the e-mail message appears to come from someone other than the actual sender.
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| Steganography | the hiding of information inside other information.
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| Thrill-seeker hacker | a hacker who breaks into computer systems for entertainment.
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| Trojan horse virus | hides inside other software, usually an attachment or download.
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| Unallocated space | the set of clusters that has been marked as available to store information but have not yet received a file, or still contain some or all of a file marked as deleted.
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| White-hat (or ethical) hacker | a computer security professional who is hired by a company to break into its computer system.
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| Worm | a type of virus that spreads itself, not just from file to file, but from computer to computer via e-mail and other Internet traffic.
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