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| 1 | The Onychophora… |
 | A) | Show no external segmentation except for paired appendages |
| B) | Are called “water bears” |
| C) | Have a pseudocoel |
| D) | Have marine trochophore larvae |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 2 | Which of the following is NOT considered to be a lophotrochozoan phylum? |
| A) | Sipuncula |
| B) | Pogonophora |
| C) | Ectoprocta |
| D) | Tardigrada |
| E) | Phoronida |
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| 3 | Which of the following is NOT considered to be an ecdysozoan phylum? |
| A) | Brachiopoda |
| B) | Chaetognatha |
| C) | Onychophora |
| D) | Pentastomida |
| E) | Tardigrada |
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| 4 | Which of the following is NOT correct? |
| A) | The Phylum Sipuncula consists of benthic marine worms, all of which are coelomate protostomes |
| B) | Sipunculans are unsegmented and do not have setae |
| C) | Sipunculans are recognizable by their slender, retractile introvert |
| D) | Members of the Phylum Echiura consist of marine worms that burrow into mud or sand |
| E) | The trochophore larva of echiurans is quite different from those of annelids and sipunculids |
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| 5 | Which of the following is mismatched? |
| A) | Phylum Pogonophora—beardworms |
| B) | Pogonophores—no mouth or digestive tract |
| C) | Phylum Phoronida—wormlike marine forms living in secreted leathery or chitinous tubes |
| D) | Phylum Ectoprocta—water bears living in freshwater |
| E) | Ectoproctans—live in colonies, each member occupying a zoecium |
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| 6 | The cystid of an ectoproctan includes the body wall plus exoskeleton. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 7 | Ectoprocts reproduce asexually by budding, and one type of freshwater ectoproct has another type of budding that produces hard, resistant capsules containing a mass of germinative cells called… |
| A) | Blastocysts |
| B) | Statocysts |
| C) | Statoblasts |
| D) | Osteoblasts |
| E) | None of the above is correct |
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| 8 | Which of the following is NOT true of the Phylum Brachiopoda? |
| A) | Many thousands of fossil species indicate a much greater diversity than today’s |
| B) | Their name refers to the arms of the lophophore |
| C) | Brachiopods have dorsal and ventral valves, instead of right and left lateral valves as do bivalve molluscs |
| D) | Like bivalves, brachiopods are attached to the substrate by a pedicel |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
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| 9 | Which of the following is mismatched? |
| A) | Phylum Pentastomida—wormlike parasites called tongue worms |
| B) | Phylum Onychophora—caterpillar-like velvet worms or walking worms |
| C) | Aysheaia—famous fossil onychophoran from the Burgess shale deposits of 500 million years ago |
| D) | Phylum Tardigrada—minute “water bears“ |
| E) | All of the above are correct |
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| 10 | Which of the following is NOT an external feature of the onychophorans? |
| A) | Tubercles |
| B) | Antennae |
| C) | Chelicerae |
| D) | Mandibles |
| E) | Unjointed legs |
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| 11 | When disturbed by a predator, an onychophoran can launch two streams of sticky goo that rapidly hardens from its slime glands. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 12 | Onychophorans are similar to insects in that they have a tracheal system that ramifies to all parts of the body and communicates with the outside by means of spiracles. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 13 | Unlike insects the onychophorans have a closed circulatory system. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 14 | The majority of onychophorans produce living young from eggs hatched inside the uterus. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 15 | Which of the following is NOT true about the tardigrades? |
| A) | They have an elongated, cylindrical body that is unsegmented |
| B) | The trunk bears eight pairs of short, stubby, jointed legs |
| C) | They are covered by a nonchitinous cuticle that is periodically molted |
| D) | Most of the body cavity is a hemocoel, with a true coelom restricted to the gonadal cavity |
| E) | They can enter a stage of suspended animation called cryptobiosis during which the water content of the body is reduced from 85 percent to 3 percent |
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| 16 | Which of the following is true about the Phylum Chaetognatha? |
| A) | They are commonly known as pinworms |
| B) | Their phylogenetic relationship to other groups is well known and understood |
| C) | Chaetognaths are terrestrial carnivores |
| D) | They have a complete digestive system and a well-developed coelom |
| E) | They have no ganglia |
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| 17 | The early embryological development of Sipunculans, echiurans, and annelids is almost identical, showing a very close relationship among the three groups. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 18 | Tardigrades and rotifers share some characteristics, particularly their reproduction and cryptobiotic tendencies. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |