| TERM | DEFINITION (chapter, section)
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| ab·bre·vi·a·tion | a shortened form of a word or phrase (3.1, 7.6)
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| ab·so·lute ad·jec·tives | adjectives whose qualities cannot be compared (6.3)
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| ac·ro·nym | a word formed usually using the first letter of each word in a phrase (3.1)
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| ac·tive lis·ten·ing | using a high level of concentration to listen for information (2.2)
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| ad hoc com·mit·tee | a temporary committee formed for a particular purpose (14.2)
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| ad·jec·tives | words that describe nouns or pronouns by modifying them (4.1, 6.3)
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| ad·just·ment | an answer to a customer claim of unsatisfactory service or defective product. The company decides if the claim
is allowable, partially allowable, or not allowable (10.2)
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| ad·ver·bi·al clauses | dependent clauses that serve as adverbs to modify an adjective, verb, or adverb in the main clause
(6.4)
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| ad·verbs | words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by modifying them (4.1,
6.4)
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| agen·da | a brief chronological list of the business to be transacted at a meeting (11.4,
14.2)
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| an·a·log da·ta | in early cellular telephones, continuous data (12.2)
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| an·a·lyt·i·cal
re·port | examines a situation or problem, draws conclusions, and makes recommendations in addition to providing
information and data (11.1)
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| an·te·ced·ent | a noun or a noun phrase that is referred to by a pronoun (5.3, 8.3)
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| an·to·nyms | words that mean exactly the opposite of another word (8.1)
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| apos·tro·phe | a punctuation mark used to form possessives, contractions, and some plurals (5.1,
7.4)
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| ap·pen·dix | report section that consists mainly of supporting information for the material contained in the body of the
report (11.3)
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| ap·pli·ca·tion form | a form used to make a request for employment (15.4)
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| ap·pli·ca·tion letter | or cover letter, a companion document to a résumé and references that
highlights important qualifications and persuades an employer to grant an interview (15.4)
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| ap·pos·i·tives | words or groups of words that give more information about a preceding word
(7.2)
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| ar·ti·cles | the words a, the, and an (6.3)
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| asyn·chro·nous | sending a communication that allows the receiver to retrieve or access it at his or her convenience
(12.3)
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| au·to re·spond·er | a message-response system that automatically replies to e-mails in the employee's absence
(13.4)
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| band·width | measures how fast and how much data flows on a given transmission path
(12.2)
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| bar·ri·ers | factors that block or interfere with communication (1.1)
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| be·hav·ior·al
in·ter·view | an interview where the applicant is asked questions that test how he or she would handle a situation
(16.2)
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| be·ing verb | a verb that does not describe an action or condition, but is a form of the infinitive to be
(4.3)
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| ben·e·fits | payments or services provided for employees under an annuity, pension plan, or insurance policy
(16.1)
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| bib·li·og·ra·phy | an alphabetical listing of all the references used in a report (11.1, 11.3)
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| block let·ter for·mat | all letter parts begin at the left margin, except for tables and other offset material
(9.2)
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| body lan·guage | gestures, movements, and mannerisms used to communicate ideas to others
(2.1)
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| body of the re·port | the actual text of a report (11.3)
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| boil·er·plate | a form letter that combines various prewritten paragraphs that fit certain or varied situations
(10.5)
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| brib·ery | giving or receiving payment as a method of influence (3.2)
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| brow·sers | devices that enable the user to navigate the World Wide Web (11.1)
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| busi·ness
ab·bre·vi·a·tions | shortened forms of words or phrases used in business (7.6)
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| ca·ble mo·dem | allows data to be transmitted 100 times faster over telephone lines (12.2)
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| cap·i·tal·iza·tion | the rules for writing certain important words with capital letters (7.5)
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| com·pound ob·jects | nouns or pronouns joined by coordinating conjunctions (5.3)
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| com·pound sen·tences | sentences that have two or more independent clauses, each containing a subject and a predicate
(7.2)
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| com·pound sub·jects | two or more subjects joined by a conjunction (4.2, 5.3)
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| com·pre·hen·sion | understanding something read, heard, seen, or felt (2.4)
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| com·put·er work·sta·tions | a microcomputer or personal computer operating independently or a computer terminal linked/networked to a
company's main computer (12.2)
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| con·clu·sions | place where the real results of a report appear (11.3)
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| con·fi·den·tial
in·for·ma·tion | spoken or written ideas that are private or secret (3.2)
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| con·junc·tions | words that join other words, phrases, or clauses (4.1)
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| con·junc·tive ad·verbs | adverbs that join elements within a sentence, also called "transitions"
(6.4)
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| con·no·ta·tion | the meaning readers associate with a word, based on their experiences and emotions
(8.1)
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| con·sec·u·tive
ad·jec·tives | adjectives that come together but separately modify a noun (7.2)
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| con·so·nants | the letters of the alphabet that are not vowels: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w,
x, y, z (8.2)
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| "Con·tact Us" | a section on a Web site that takes the user to a screen with a preaddressed e-mail
(13.4)
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| co·or·di·nat·ing
con·junc·tions | words that connect only like elements of grammar (6.1)
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| copy no·ta·tion | on a letter, the last line under the reference initials to state to whom a copy of the letter should be sent
(9.2)
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| cor·rel·a·tive
con·junc·tions | pairs of conjunctions used to connect like elements (6.1)
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| cross-cul·tur·al
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communicating with people from cultures different from your own (3.1)
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| cul·ture | the customs, beliefs, lifestyles, and practices of a group of people (3.1)
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| cus·tom·er-fo·cused
or·gan·i·za·tion | an organization that emphasizes customers and their interests and satisfaction
(13.2)
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| cus·tom·er ser·vice | consistent activities that ensure customer satisfaction (13.1, 13.3)
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| dash·es | punctuation used to indicate a break in thought (7.3)
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| case | the form of the pronoun: possessive, nominative, and objective (5.3)
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| CD-ROM | or compact disk—read-only memory, a computer storage medium that can hold up to
250,000 pages of text (11.1)
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| cel·lu·lar tele·phones | or cell phones, small, wireless, lightweight portable telephones that allow communication from
almost any location that can pick up a satellite signal (12.2)
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| chro·no·log·i·cal
ré·su·mé | emphasizes work history and education; lists work experience in reverse order with the most recent first
(15.2)
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| claim·ant | the person who makes a claim of unsatisfactory or damaged goods and services
(10.2)
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| claim let·ters | or written requests, that ask the receiver to provide something or some service for the sender
(10.2)
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| clause | a group of words containing a subject and a predicate (4.2)
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| cli·chés | overworked expressions, such as crystal clear, needs no introduction, and at a loss for
words (8.1)
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| clip art gal·lery | software that contains a collection of simple drawings and art (14.4)
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| code of eth·ics | the operating goals of a company toward its customers and competitors (3.2)
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| col·lec·tion let·ter | a letter in which a company reminds a customer that he or she has not yet paid his or her bill
(10.1)
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| col·lec·tive noun | a noun that refers to a group or collection of persons or things (4.4)
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| co·lons | punctuation used to direct attention to the matter that follows (7.2)
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| com·bi·na·tion
ré·su·mé | employs the best features of the chronological and functional résumés
(15.2)
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| com·mas | punctuation used to separate elements within a sentence (7.2)
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| com·ma splices | commas used to join two independent clauses (7.1)
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| com·mis·sion | the fee paid to a sales associate as a result of a sale (3.2)
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| com·par·a·tive de·gree | words that compare the qualities of two or more people or things (6.3)
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| com·pen·sa·tion in·crease | an increase in salary and/or benefits (16.5)
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| com·plete pred·i·cate | the simple predicate plus all the words that modify it in a sentence (4.2)
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| com·pound ad·jec·tives | two or more words used to modify one noun or pronoun (6.3)
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| com·pound noun | a noun that consists of two or more words (5.1)
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| da·ta file | a file that contains the names and addresses of people used for mailing lists
(10.5)
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| dates | times in which events occur or a statement of time (7.7)
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| dec·i·mals | numbers in units of ten (7.7)
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| de·clar·a·tive sen·tence | a sentence that makes a statement (4.2, 7.1)
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| de·mon·stra·tive
ad·jec·tives | pronouns that are used to modify one noun or pronoun (6.3)
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| de·no·ta·tion | the dictionary meaning of a word (8.1)
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| de·riv·a·tive | a word formed from another word (8.1)
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| de·scrip·tive ad·jec·tives | words that tell "what kind of" or describe (6.3)
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| de·sign tem·plates | preformatted layouts in presentation software (14.4)
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| dig·i·tal da·ta | in more modern cellular telephones, data stored as a combination of numbers—0s and 1s
(12.2)
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| di·rect ad·dress | speaking to the person directly (7.2)
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| di·rect ap·proach | the main point of the message is stated in the opening sentence (9.1)
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| di·rec·tives | formal authorizations for changes (14.2)
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| di·rect ques·tions | sentences that ask a question (7.1)
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| di·rect quo·ta·tions | the exact words spoken or written by someone else (7.4)
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| dis·cre·tion | cautious reserve in speech to protect the privacy of both your manager and your company
(13.3)
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| dis·crim·i·na·tion | treating or judging someone on the basis of age, ethnic group, sex, etc.
(3.3)
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| dis·crim·i·na·to·ry
lan·guage | offensive terminology based on characteristics, beliefs, values, and attitudes
(3.3)
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| dis·tance learn·ing | studying or watching a college or university lecture via the Internet at home or at work
(2.4)
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| doc·u·ment cam·era | projects a photograph, a drawing, or a printed page onto the screen (14.4)
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| do·mes·tic | originating from your own country (3.1)
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| dou·ble neg·a·tive | two negative expressions used together (6.4)
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| down·size | to reduce in size the staff of a company or organization (16.6)
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| down·ward
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communicating with others of a rank lower than your rank (1.3)
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| DSL | or Digital Subscriber Line, technology for bringing high bandwidth information to homes and small
businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines (12.2)
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| e-com·merce | buying and selling merchandise and services over the Internet (12.3)
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| ed·it·ing | the process that refines the revised draft and adds polish (8.6)
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| ed·u·ca·tion·al
dis·trac·tion | lack of knowledge about a subject matter leading to confusion (1.2)
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| elec·tron·ic mail | or e-mail, messages transmitted instantly through the Internet via the modem in a computer (9.3,
12.3)
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| em·bed·ded com·pu·ter
de·vice | a tiny computer built into a larger product to control the functions of that product
(12.2)
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| emo·tion·al-phys·i·cal
dis·trac·tion | mental and physical factors leading to confusion (1.2)
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| em·ploy·ment con·trac·tors | or temporary agencies, supply personnel on a temporary basis
(15.1)
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| em·ploy·ment in·ter·view | a formal consultation to evaluate the qualifications of a prospective employee
(16.1)
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| enun·ci·a·tion | the distinctness or clarity with which words or sounds are pronounced
(14.1)
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| en·vi·ron·men·tal
dis·trac·tion | factors such as noise or room temperature leading to inattentiveness (1.2)
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| eq·ui·ta·ble
ad·just·ment | reasonable, fair, honest, and impartial decision making when deciding on customer adjustments
(10.2)
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| er·go·nom·ics | or human engineering, the design of devices, systems, and physical working conditions that meet
the physical needs of the worker (12.4)
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| eth·ics | the moral principles of right and wrong (3.2)
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| eth·no·cen·trism | believing that your own ethnic group or culture is superior to others (3.3)
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| e-whin·ing | unsatisfied customers communicate their dissatisfaction to others using the Internet
(13.4)
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| ex·change rate | the ratio at which the principal unit of two currencies can be traded (3.1)
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| ex·cla·ma·tion points | punctuation used at the end of a sentence to indicate strong feeling or emotion
(7.2)
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| ex·clam·a·to·ry
sen·tence | a sentence that expresses strong feeling (4.2)
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| ex·ec·u·tive
let·ter·head | company-provided stationery for social-business and other company communications, measuring 71/4 _ 101/2
inches; also called "monarch" (10.4)
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| ex·ec·u·tive-sized
sta·tion·ery | stationery that measures 71/4 _ 101/2 inches (9.2)
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| ex·plan·a·to·ry
el·e·ments | additional information that is not essential to the sentence (7.2)
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| ex·ter·nal
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | the transferring of information to and from people outside the company
(1.3)
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| ex·ter·nal cus·tom·ers | people outside a company who purchase its goods and services (13.1)
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| ex·ter·nal noise | sounds created externally or outside the body that distract the listener
(2.2)
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| ex·tra·net | a company's private intranet that gives limited access to select outsiders, such as customers or vendors
(12.3)
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| fa·mil·iar tone | a writing device for establishing a mood of familiarity with the reader
(10.1)
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| FAQs | or Frequently Asked Questions, a section on aWeb site that lists common questions and the answers
to them (13.4)
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| fax ma·chine | or facsimile, transmits documents, illustrations, and photographs over regular telephone lines
(12.2)
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| fea·si·bil·i·ty study | describes the pros and cons of proceeding with a project in addition to giving the costs and time frame for
the project (11.1)
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| feed·back | receiving an oral, written, or nonverbal response from a receiver (1.1)
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| fire·wall | integrated security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to networked computer systems
(12.3)
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| fol·low-up let·ters | maintain contact with a previous interaction (16.4)
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| fol·low-up se·ries | a series of three to five follow-up letters that remind delinquent bill payers to settle their account before
it is turned over to a lawyer or collection agency (10.1)
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| for·mal busi·ness re·ports | long reports that usually address more complex problems or questions (11.3)
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| for·mat | refers to the arrangement of letter parts on the page (10.4)
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| form file | a file that contains a form letter and codes to merge information with the data file
(10.5)
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| form let·ters | letters in which the same message is sent to many addresses (10.5)
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| frag·ments | incomplete sentences (7.1)
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| func·tion·al
ré·su·mé | or skills résumé, highlights professional skills and related
accomplishments and de-emphasizes work history (15.2)
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| fu·ture per·fect tense | the form of a verb that tells that an action will be completed by a specified time in the future
(4.3)
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| fu·ture pro·gres·sive tense | the form of a verb that tells that the action will be in progress at a certain time in the future
(4.3)
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| fu·ture tense | the form of a verb that tells that the action will happen in the future
(4.3)
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| gen·der-bi·as words | terms that show favoritism toward a particular gender (3.3)
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| gen·der-spe·cif·ic words | terms indicating whether a subject is male or female (3.3)
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| ger·und | averb that ends in -ing and is used as a noun (5.2)
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| ger·und phrases | groups of words that contain a gerund (7.2)
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| GPS | or Global Positioning System, a system of 24 satellites that orbit the earth and make it possible
for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location (12.2)
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| gram·mar-check·er | computer software that evaluates grammar and suggests ways to improve the grammar and wording of a document
(8.6)
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| group in·ter·view | an interview where several applicants meet with one or two interviewers
(16.2)
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| group·ware | software that allows several users to work together and have access to the same document
(12.3)
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| GSM | or Global System for Mobile Communication, a digital, wireless mobile telephone system that is
widely used in Europe and 120 other countries (12.2)
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| guide words | words that call attention to specific information (9.2)
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| hear·ing | the physical act of detecting sound (2.2)
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| hid·den job mar·ket | job opportunities not advertised in traditional venues (15.1)
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| hom·onyms | words that look or sound alike but have different meanings (8.1)
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| hot desk·ing | workers use whatever desk is available when they are in the office (12.4)
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| ho·tel·ing | workers share a workspace by calling a staff concierge or by logging onto a Web-based scheduling system to
reserve a space (12.4)
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| hu·man re·la·tions skills | understanding and relating to people in a way to foster goodwill (1.1)
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| hy·per·text links | highlighted words or graphics that can make connections between data at differentWeb sites
(12.3)
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| I-at·ti·tude | putting your own interests before those of your readers or listeners (1.1)
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| idi·o·mat·ic us·age | expressions that are considered correct even though there isn't a rule or logical reason
(6.2)
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| im·per·a·tive sen·tence | a sentence that states a command or request (4.2, 7.1)
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| in·di·rect ap·proach | using background information as a buffer to bad or unpleasant information in a message
(9.1)
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| in·di·rect ques·tions | questions restated as declarative sentences (7.1)
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| in·di·rect quo·ta·tions | restatements of a person's exact words (7.4)
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| in·fin·i·tive phrase | a group of words that contain an infinitive and any words that modify it (4.2,
7.2)
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| in·flec·tion·al forms | the form of a word that shows tense, number, and other meanings (8.1)
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| in·for·ma·tive mes·sages | written instructions on how to complete a task or carry out a procedure
(9.4)
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| in·for·ma·tive re·port | gives facts and information on some aspect of an organization's operations
(11.1)
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| in·side ad·dress | on a letter, includes the name, title, company name, street address, city, state, and ZIP Code of the
addressee (9.2)
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| in·stant mes·sag·ing | or chat, is real-time communication via the Internet
(12.3)
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| in·ter·jec·tions | words used to express extremely strong feelings or emotions (4.1)
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| in·ter·nal
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | transferring information within a company (1.3)
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| in·ter·nal cus·tom·er | a co-worker or supervisor who depends on products or services from another department within a company
(13.1)
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| in·ter·nal noise | feelings or sensations inside the body that distract the listener (2.2)
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| in·ter·na·tion·al | originating beyond a country's borders or viewpoints (3.1)
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| Inter·net | or Net, a system of computer networks that links computers around the world into one large
computer (11.1, 12.3)
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| in·ter·per·son·al
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communicating with others (1.1)
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| in·ter·pret·ing | analyzing the sounds you hear, then relating that information to past experiences
(2.2)
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| in·ter·rog·a·tive
sen·tence | a sentence that asks a question (4.2)
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| in·ter·rupt·ing
el·e·ments | words that add extra meaning, but not essential information, to sentences
(7.2)
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| in·to·na·tion | the rising and falling of voice pitch (14.1)
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| intra·net | similar to the Internet but located on a network within a company (12.1)
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|
|
|
| in·tran·si·tive verbs | verbs that do not have objects (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| in·tra·per·son·al
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communicating with yourself based on interpretations of previous
experiences.
|
|
|
|
| ir·reg·u·lar verbs | verbs that do not follow the regular pattern of verbs (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| jus·ti·fi·ca·tion
re·port | gives the rationale for a recommendation or a decision, usually prepared by someone in upper management
(11.1)
|
|
|
|
| lap·top com·put·er | functions like a desktop computer but is small enough to be portable and may be battery-operated
(13.2)
|
|
|
|
| lat·er·al
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communicating with people who are the same rank as you (1.3)
|
|
|
|
| let·ter·head | refers to either 1) the printed information on the top of business stationery or 2) the actual sheet of paper
(9.2)
|
|
|
|
| let·ter or memo of trans·mit·tal | a short letter that documents that a report has been completed and is being submitted to the person(s) in the
memo (11.3)
|
|
|
|
| let·ters | messages printed on letterhead and sent to people outside an organization by mail or by courier service
(9.3)
|
|
|
|
| lim·it·ing ad·jec·tives | adjectives that tell "how many," "how much," or "in what order" (6.3)
|
|
|
|
| lis·ten·ing | hearing something through thoughtful attention (2.2)
|
|
|
|
| lis·ten·ing bar·ri·ers | distractions that interfere with listening (2.2)
|
|
|
|
| lis·ten·ing
pri·or·i·ties | determining the listening opportunity that is most important to you (2.2)
|
|
|
|
| mail·ing no·ta·tions | on an envelope, instructions for the post office, found in the upper-left corner
(9.2)
|
|
|
|
| mem·o·ran·dum re·port | an informal, written report used for correspondence with other employees within an organization
(11.2)
|
|
|
|
| mem·os | messages printed and sent to people within an organization through an interoffice mail delivery system
(9.3)
|
|
|
|
| mes·sage mem·os | used to record telephone messages and messages from visitors (9.2)
|
|
|
|
| min·utes | a written record of the proceedings of a meeting (11.4, 14.2)
|
|
|
|
| mo·dems | a device connected to, or included inside, a computer that can exchange data with other computers
(12.2)
|
|
|
|
| mod·i·fied-block for·mat | similar to block format, except that the dateline, complimentary closing, and writer's identification begin at
the center of the page (9.2)
|
|
|
|
| mul·ti·na·tion·al
com·pa·ny | a company that operates in more than one country (3.1)
|
|
|
|
| news re·lease | an announcement prepared for release to the public that enhances the image of an organization
(11.5)
|
|
|
|
| non·dis·clo·sure agree·ment | a promise not to divulge company trade secrets or procedures (3.2)
|
|
|
|
| non·ver·bal
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communication without words; actions, expressions, or tone of voice used to convey information (1.1,
2.1)
|
|
|
|
| note·book com·pu·ter | a lightweight, portable battery-powered computer (12.2)
|
|
|
|
| noun | a name of a person, place, thing, concept, or quality (4.1)
|
|
|
|
| num·bers | sums of units in a mathematical system (7.7)
|
|
|
|
| ob·ject | the person or thing that receives the action of the verb (5.3)
|
|
|
|
| ob·ject of the prep·o·si·tion | the noun or pronoun that follows the preposition in a sentence (6.2)
|
|
|
|
| one-on-one in·ter·view | an interview conducted by one person (16.2)
|
|
|
|
| on·line ser·vices | self-contained, fee-based services that provide extensive resources to their members
(11.1)
|
|
|
|
| open punc·tu·a·tion | in a business letter, no punctuation is used after the salutation and complimentary closing
(9.2)
|
|
|
|
| oral com·mu·ni·ca·tion | spoken words used to exchange ideas and information (1.1, 1.2)
|
|
|
|
| or·der con·fir·ma·tion
func·tion | an e-mail confirmation that assures the customer that his or her products have been purchased
(13.4)
|
|
|
|
| or·di·nal num·bers | numbers designating a place in an ordered sequence; first, second, etc
(7.7)
|
|
|
|
| out·line form | a form of formal, written report that uses an outline to list information
(11.2)
|
|
|
|
| pag·er | a lightweight device that notifies the user that someone is trying to reach him or her
(12.2)
|
|
|
|
| pan·el in·ter·view | an interview conducted by a team of people (16.2)
|
|
|
|
| par·a·graph form | a form of formal, written report used for the presentation of simple facts
(11.2)
|
|
|
|
| par·a·graph uni·ty | created when all sentences in a paragraph support the main idea (8.5)
|
|
|
|
| para·lan·guage | nonverbal communication, such as tone, pitch, and sighing, used to reinforce verbal messages
(2.1)
|
|
|
|
| par·al·lel struc·ture | expressing parallel ideas in the same way (6.1)
|
|
|
|
| para·phras·ing | restating the words or ideas of someone else in your own words; you should still give credit to the original
author (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| par·en·the·ses | punctuation used to set off amplifying or explanatory words (7.4)
|
|
|
|
| par·en·thet·i·cal
el·e·ments | words, phrases, and clauses added to sentences to emphasize a contrast, express an opinion, etc.
(7.2)
|
|
|
|
| par·ti·ci·pial phrases | groups of words that contain a participle; a phrase containing a verb and any words that modify it
(7.2)
|
|
|
|
| pas·sive lis·ten·ing | concentrating on the spoken words at a low level of effort (2.2)
|
|
|
|
| past per·fect tense | the form of a verb that tells which of two actions occurred first (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| past pro·gres·sive tense | the form of a verb that tells that an action was in progress some time in the past
(4.3)
|
|
|
|
| past tense | the form of a verb that tells the action happened in the past (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| PCS | or Personal Communication Service, a system of digital, wireless communications used especially
for mobile/cellular telephones (12.2)
|
|
|
|
| PDAs | or Personal Digital Assistants, computers that fit in the palm of the hand and offer many
functions (13.2)
|
|
|
|
| peo·ple's needs | things that are vital to survival: food, shelter, clothing, and perhaps transportation
(10.1)
|
|
|
|
| peo·ple's wants | things that are not vital to survival: security, status, approval from others, health, personal
attractiveness, conveniences, and various forms of recreation and entertainment (10.1)
|
|
|
|
| per·cent·ages | parts of a whole expressed in hundredths (7.7)
|
|
|
|
| pe·ri·od faults | an incomplete thought or sentence fragment (7.1)
|
|
|
|
| pe·ri·od·ic re·port | prepared at a regular interval (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| pe·ri·ods | punctuation used to end a sentence (7.1)
|
|
|
|
| pe·riph·er·als | hardware devices that connect to computers to input and output information
(12.1)
|
|
|
|
| per·son·al-busi·ness let·ters | letters not typed on letterhead stationery, with the writer's address typed beneath the signature at the end
(9.2)
|
|
|
|
| per·sua·sive ap·proach | getting the reader's attention in the opening sentence, using a "hook" that encourages the reader to continue
reading (9.1)
|
|
|
|
| pho·net·ic spell·ing | a dictionary feature that shows the word broken into syllables, how each syllable should be pronounced, and
which syllable or syllables should be accented (8.1)
|
|
|
|
| phrase | a group of words with neither a subject nor a predicate (4.2)
|
|
|
|
| pi·lot test | uses a small test group to check the quality of a survey (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| pitch | the level of sound on the musical scale (14.1)
|
|
|
|
| place·ment agen·cies | fill permanent job openings for companies in a wide range of occupations
(15.1)
|
|
|
|
| pla·gia·rism | using the ideas of or exact or paraphrased words of someone else as your own without giving credit to the
original author (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| port·fo·lio | a notebook or folder that contains evidence and examples of a person's achievements and skills
(15.5)
|
|
|
|
| pos·i·tive de·gree | words that express the quality of one person or thing (6.3)
|
|
|
|
| pos·ses·sive ad·jec·tives | possessive personal pronouns used as adjectives to modify nouns (6.3)
|
|
|
|
| pos·ses·sive forms of nouns and pro·nouns | adding an apostrophe and sometimes an "s" to nouns and pronouns (5.2)
|
|
|
|
| ppm | means "pages per minute" (12.2)
|
|
|
|
| pred·i·cate | part of a sentence that tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject
(4.2)
|
|
|
|
| pred·i·cate ad·jec·tives | adjectives that follow a being verb and modify or describe the subject of the sentence
(6.3)
|
|
|
|
| pred·i·cate agree·ment | the verb and its modifiers agree with the subject in number and in person
(4.4)
|
|
|
|
| pred·i·cate
nom·i·na·tives | words that follow a being verb and rename the subject (6.3)
|
|
|
|
| prej·u·dice | a negative attitude about an individual, race, or supposed characteristics
(3.3)
|
|
|
|
| prep·o·si·tion·al phrase | a group of words containing a preposition, an object, and a modifier of the object (4.2, 6.2,
7.2)
|
|
|
|
| prep·o·si·tions | connecting words that show a relationship between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence (4.1,
6.2)
|
|
|
|
| pre·print·ed re·ply card | a form that allows a company to respond to many requests promptly (9.5)
|
|
|
|
| pre·sent per·fect tense | the form of a verb that tells that the action occurred in the past and may still be occurring now
(4.3)
|
|
|
|
| pre·sent pro·gres·sive tense | the form of the verb that tells that an action that is currently in progress
(4.3)
|
|
|
|
| pre·sent tense | the form of a verb that tells that the action is happening now (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| prin·ci·pal parts of verbs | the present, past, past participle, and present participle forms of verbs
(4.3)
|
|
|
|
| print·ers | accept text and graphics froma computer and transfer the information to paper or
anothermedium(12.2)
|
|
|
|
| prob·lem re·quests | a message that requires the writer to say "no" to someone (9.5)
|
|
|
|
| pro·ced·ures | the methods that are used to collect and analyze data (11.3)
|
|
|
|
| pro·ced·ures book | a step-by-step guide that contains written copies of all the procedures an organization follows
(9.4)
|
|
|
|
| pro·fes·sion·al
cour·te·sy | using good manners in professional dealings (3.2)
|
|
|
|
| pro·gress re·port | gives the current status of a project (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| pro·mo·tion | an increase in position or rank; sometimes meaning an increase in salary and/or benefits as well
(16.5)
|
|
|
|
| pro·nouns | words that take the place of nouns (4.1, 8.3)
|
|
|
|
| pro·nun·ci·a·tion | the sound a speaker gives to the letters or letter combinations that make up a word; the way in which a
speaker accents a word (14.1)
|
|
|
|
| proof·read·ing | the process that detects typographical and grammatical errors (8.6)
|
|
|
|
| pro·per ad·jec·tives | words derived from proper nouns (6.3, 7.5)
|
|
|
|
| pro·po·sal | designed to persuade the reader to purchase products, adopt an idea or plan, or provide or donate money or
services to a worthwhile project (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| pseudo-hom·onyms | words that sound somewhat alike but have different meanings (8.1)
|
|
|
|
| pub·lic re·la·tions | the business of positively influencing the public's feeling or attitude toward a company or an organization
(10.3)
|
|
|
|
| pub·lic re·la·tions cam·paign | the concentrated effort of a company to put its name before potential customers in a favorable light
(10.3)
|
|
|
|
| pub·lic re·la·tions
spe·cial·ist | a person who looks for opportunities to showa company in a favorable light
(10.3)
|
|
|
|
| pur·pose | the reason a report is being written (11.3)
|
|
|
|
| ques·tion marks | punctuation used to indicate a question (7.1)
|
|
|
|
| quo·rum | the number of group members required by the group's bylaw to conduct business
(11.4)
|
|
|
|
| quo·ta·tion marks | punctuation used to tell the reader the exact words written or spoken by someone else
(7.4)
|
|
|
|
| rap·port | to establish a positive relationship (16.3)
|
|
|
|
| read·abil·i·ty | refers to the ease with which something can be read (8.5)
|
|
|
|
| ream | 500 sheets of paper (9.2)
|
|
|
|
| re·call·ing | using retained and recalled sounds for comprehension (2.2)
|
|
|
|
| rec·om·men·da·tions | suggested actions to be taken, drawn from the facts of a report (11.3)
|
|
|
|
| ref·er·ence ini·tials | in a letter, the typist's initials (9.2)
|
|
|
|
| ref·er·ences | source entries arranged alphabetically by the author's last name (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| re·fer·rals | recommendations from satisfied customers (13.1)
|
|
|
|
| re·flec·tive lis·ten·ing | attentively listening to the speaker's actual words and tone of voice, and observing body language or emotions
(1.2)
|
|
|
|
| reg·u·lar verb | verbs that follow the simple form (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| rel·a·tive pro·nouns | pronouns that relate to other words called antecedents (4.4)
|
|
|
|
| re·mote tech·nol·o·gy | allows a worker to communicate with co-workers while he or she is away fromthe office
(12.1)
|
|
|
|
| res·ig·na·tion | a formal notification of giving up employment (16.6)
|
|
|
|
| re·tain·ing | recalling interpreted sounds for later use (2.2)
|
|
|
|
| re·ten·tion | remembering something read, heard, seen, or felt (2.4)
|
|
|
|
| re·vis·ing | the process that improves the content and organization of writing (8.6)
|
|
|
|
| rhe·tor·i·cal ques·tion | a question that is posed solely for effect, with no expectation of a reply or a clear "yes" or "no" (10.,
14.3)
|
|
|
|
| Robert's Rules of Order | a standard guide to parliamentary procedure (14.2)
|
|
|
|
| rout·ing | a feature on e-mail forms that lets the recipient send the form to another listed recipient
(12.1)
|
|
|
|
| rout·ing slips | used to channel messages to specific people (9.2)
|
|
|
|
| RSVP | French for "please reply" (3.2)
|
|
|
|
| sal·a·ry | fixed compensation paid regularly for services (16.1)
|
|
|
|
| sales ap·peals | a writing device that is used to induce the reader to buy a product or service
(10.1)
|
|
|
|
| sal·u·ta·tion | or greeting, immediately preceding the body of a letter
(9.2)
|
|
|
|
| scan·nable ré·su·mé | written to enhance the résumé writer's chance of being selected by a data
tracking system, which uses specific keywords and nouns (15.3)
|
|
|
|
| scope | determines the extensiveness of research (11.3)
|
|
|
|
| screen·ing in·ter·view | a preliminary screening, usually by telephone, to determine if the applicant has the skills and qualifications
for the job (16.2)
|
|
|
|
| semi·co·lons | punctuation used to indicate a stronger break between items in a series (7.2,
7.3)
|
|
|
|
| sen·tence | a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and a predicate
(4.2)
|
|
|
|
| sen·tence frag·ment | a group of words that does not express a complete thought and is missing either a subject or a predicate
(4.2)
|
|
|
|
| se·ries | three or more items in a sequence (7.2)
|
|
|
|
| sim·ple pred·i·cate | the main verb plus any helping verbs in a sentence (4.2)
|
|
|
|
| sim·ple sen·tences | groups of words that contain subjects and verbs (7.2)
|
|
|
|
| sim·ple sub·ject | the main word or words in a complete subject, the core of the subject (4.2)
|
|
|
|
| sit·u·a·tion·al
in·ter·view | an interview where the applicant is asked to relate past experiences and how he or she handled them
(16.2)
|
|
|
|
| slide an·i·ma·tion | a feature that lets parts of a slide arrive on the screen at different times
(14.4)
|
|
|
|
| slide tran·si·tions | special effects that introduce each slide as it appears on screen (14.4)
|
|
|
|
| smart card | looks like a credit card but contains a battery-powered, wafer-thin computer—prepaid,
disposable telephone card (12.3)
|
|
|
|
| smart phones | a wireless cellular telephone with a computer (12.2)
|
|
|
|
| so·cial-busi·ness
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communication among co-workers to congratulate someone on a special occasion
(10.4)
|
|
|
|
| space | the physical distance maintained between yourself and others (2.1)
|
|
|
|
| stan·dard punc·tu·a·tion | the style most used by business writers, where the salutation ends with a colon
(9.2)
|
|
|
|
| stand·ing com·mit·tee | a permanent committee that meets regularly (14.2)
|
|
|
|
| ster·e·o·typ·ing | a simplified and negative image of a person or group (3.3)
|
|
|
|
| stress in·ter·view | an interview where the applicant is deliberately put under stress to test his or her reaction
(16.2)
|
|
|
|
| style | used to emphasize important details—bold, italics, etc. (9.2,
12.1)
|
|
|
|
| sub·ject | a word in a sentence that names the person speaking, the person spoken to, or the person spoken about
(4.2)
|
|
|
|
| sub·or·di·nat·ing
con·junc·tions | words that join clauses of unequal rank (6.1)
|
|
|
|
| sum·ma·ry | often called an executive summary in business, this is a brief review of a report
(11.3)
|
|
|
|
| su·per·la·tive de·gree | words that compare the qualities of three or more persons or things (6.3)
|
|
|
|
| sup·ple·men·ta·ry
ma·te·ri·al | given after the conclusions and recommendations in a report and provides substantiating data for the report
(11.3)
|
|
|
|
| syn·chro·nous | means "at the same time"; several people in different locations can communicate in real time
(12.3)
|
|
|
|
| syn·o·nyms | words that have almost the same meaning (8.1)
|
|
|
|
| 20-pound pa·per | the weight of 500 sheets, or a ream, of paper; for example, 500 sheets of 20-pound paper weigh 20 pounds, 500
sheets of 40-pound paper weigh 40 pounds, etc. (9.2)
|
|
|
|
| 24/7 | an abbreviated term that means "24 hours a day, 7 days a week" (9.3)
|
|
|
|
| ta·ble form | a form of formal, written report that systematically arranges data in rows and columns
(11.2)
|
|
|
|
| tab·let PC | smaller and thinner than a notebook PC, it allows the user to use a stylus or digital pen instead of a
keyboard (12.2)
|
|
|
|
| tar·get au·di·ence | a group of potential customers chosen on the basis of certain characteristics, such as age, geographic
location, income, or lifestyle (10.1)
|
|
|
|
| team | working with peers to complete a project (14.1)
|
|
|
|
| tele·com·mut·ing | salaried employees who work at home for part of or all of the work week
(12.4)
|
|
|
|
| tele·con·fer·ence | a meeting via advanced telephone or computer technology that brings together people from several locations
(2.3, 12.3)
|
|
|
|
| tele·work | using telecommunications to work whenever needed to satisfy client needs
(12.4)
|
|
|
|
| tem·plate | contains the format for a letter and can include the letterhead in addition to the skeleton of the letter
(10.5)
|
|
|
|
| tem·po | the rate of speed at which one speaks (14.1)
|
|
|
|
| the·sau·rus | a book that gives the synonyms and antonyms of words (8.1)
|
|
|
|
| thought unit | a combination of words that properly belong together (8.2)
|
|
|
|
| tick·ler file | a dated "reminder file," which reminds the user that something written earlier must be addressed or responded
to by the date on the file (9.5)
|
|
|
|
| time | a measured or measurable period during which an action occurs (7.7)
|
|
|
|
| tone | usually refers to the general effect a piece of writing creates (8.6); attitudes and feelings revealed in the
voice (14.1)
|
|
|
|
| touch | haptic communication used to communicate intention or emotion (2.1)
|
|
|
|
| tran·si·tion·al words and phrases | words or phrases that provide connections between sentences and paragraphs
(8.5)
|
|
|
|
| tran·si·tive verb | a verb that has an object or a receiver of the action (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| units of mea·sure | terminology used to indicate weight, mass, length, distance, etc. (7.6)
|
|
|
|
| un·so·lic·it·ed
re·port | one that is prepared on the writer's own initiative (11.1)
|
|
|
|
| un·struc·tured in·ter·view | an interview that usually consists of one or two broad questions (16.2)
|
|
|
|
| up·ward
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communicating with others of higher rank than you (1.3)
|
|
|
|
| URL ad·dress | the Internet address of a given site (12.3)
|
|
|
|
| vari·ables | form letter elements that change from letter to letter (10.5)
|
|
|
|
| verbatim | an exact quotation (11.4)
|
|
|
|
| verb phrase | two or more verbs working together as one verb (4.2, 4.3)
|
|
|
|
| verbs | words that express action, a state of being, or a condition (4.1, 4.3)
|
|
|
|
| verb tense | the form that tells when the action occurred (4.3)
|
|
|
|
| voice | the property of a transitive verb that shows whether the subject acts or is acted upon
(8.4)
|
|
|
|
| voice mail sys·tems | a telephone answering system that can record messages even when the telephone is in use
(12.2)
|
|
|
|
| voice rec·og·ni·tion soft·ware | software that allows the entry of text and data through voice instead of through traditional keyboard entry
(14.1)
|
|
|
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| VoIP | voice over Internet protocol. Technology that permits you to make telephone calls using a broad band Internet
connection instead of a conventional telephone (12.2)
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| vol·ume | the intensity of a sound (14.1)
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| vowels | the letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y (8.2)
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| wa·ter mark | the "signature" of the paper manufacturer, found in better-quality paper
(9.2)
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| which | a relative pronoun that refers to another word in the sentence (8.3)
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| wiz·ards | features in software programs that walk users through a task to meet a desired result
(12.1)
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| work·ing
bib·li·og·ra·phy | a preliminary list of sources (11.1)
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| World Wide Web | or Web, also www, gives the computer user access to millions of pages of information (11.1,
12.3)
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| writ·ten
com·mu·ni·ca·tion | communication using letters, words, sentences, and symbols to exchange ideas and information (1.1,
1.2)
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| you-at·ti·tude | putting your reader or listener's interests first (1.1, 8.4)
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