I. Ancient Times: Greece, Rome, and Christianity

1. [Secondary Discussion Stonehenge]
2. [Secondary Discussion Indo-European languages]

1. The Greek World
1. [Maps Ancient Greece]
2. [Primary Source Iliad]
3. [Primary Source Thucydides, Pericles' Funeral Oration]
4. [Primary Source Description of Corinth]
5. [Primary Source Aristotle, Description of Sparta]
6. [Secondary Discussion Socrates]
7. [Primary Source Plato, Republic]
8. [Primary Source Herodotus, History]
9. [Primary Source Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War]
10. [Primary Source Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans]
11. [Primary Source Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution]
12. [Map Conquests of Alexander the Great]
13. [Map Hellenistic world, 310 BC]
14. [Image Ptolemaic Solar System]

2. The Roman World
1. [Image Roman aristocrat]
2. [Image Roman couple]
3. [Image Roman fortress in England]
4. [Primary Source Roman Army]
5. [Roman Army]
6. [Roman Army]
7. [Secondary Discussion Majestas]

3. The Coming of Christianity
1. [Primary Source Josephus on Jesus]
2. [Primary Source Pliny on the Christians]
3. [Secondary Discussion Rise of Christianity]
4. [Image Early Christian]
5. [Primary Source Constantine]
6. [Primary Source Augustine, City of God]

II. The Early Middle Ages: The Formation of Europe

1. The Disintegration of the Roman Empire
1. [Primary Source Goths]
2. [Primary Source Attila the Hun]
3. [Image Caliph Uthman]
4. [Image Mosque, Umayyad Damascus]
5. [Primary Source Beowulf]
6. [Primary Source Alaric's Sack of Rome, 410]
7. [Image Muhammad]
8. [Map Early Islamic Empire]

2. The Byzantine World, Arabic World, and the West about 700
1. [Image Qur’an]
2. [Map Arab Expansion, 622-740]
3. [Primary Source Germanic law code]
4. [Map Europe c. 526]

3. The Church and the Rise of the Papacy
1. [Secondary Discussion Rise of Monasticism]
2. [Secondary Discussion Carthusian Order]
3. [Image Bishop]
4. [Primary Source On Papal Elections]

4. The Empire of Charlemagne, 800-814
1. [Primary Source Charlemagne]
2. [Image Charlemagne crowned, 800]
3. [Primary Source Carolingians]
4. [Primary Source Monetary Regulations of the Carolingians]

5. Ninth-Century Invasions; Europe by 1000
1. [Secondary Discussion Magyars]
2. [Primary Source Norsemen]
3. [Map Movement of Hungarians into Europe]
4. [Secondary Discussion Great Schism]
5. [Primary Source Moscow as the Third Rome]
6. [Image Iconoclasts]

III. The High Middle Ages: Secular Civilization

1. Agriculture and the Feudal System after 1000
1. [Image Medieval German town]
2. [Secondary Discussion Heavy plow]
3. [Secondary Discussion Windmills]
4. [Image Windmill]
5. [Image Water mill]
6. [Secondary Discussion Medieval Village]
7. [Image Village in Winter]
8. [Primary Source Manorial Management and Organization, c. 1275]
9. [Primary Source Fief Ceremonies]
10. [Primary Source Feudal Oaths of Fidelity]
11. [Secondary Discussion French Noble Family]
12. [Primary Source Election of Hugh Capet]
13. [Secondary Discussion Holy Roman Empire]
14. [Secondary Discussion Norman Conquest]
15. [Primary Source Manor]

2. The Rise of Towns and Commerce
1. [Primary Source Long-distance trading]
2. [Primary Source Venetian Doges]
3. [Primary Source Great Fair at Thessalonica]
4. [Image Medieval Strasbourg]
5. [Primary Source Charter for Town of St. Omer, 1127]
6. [Primary Source Merchant guild]
7. [Primary Source Apprenticeship Agreements, c. 1250]

3. The Growth of National Monarchies
1. [Primary Source Magna Carta]
2. [Primary Source Summons to Parliaments]
3. [Primary Source Parliament of 1376]

IV. The High Middle Ages: The Church

1. [Image Miracle play]
2. [Virtual Tour Durham Cathedral]
3. [Virtual Tour Amiens Cathedral]
4. [Image Priest celebrating Mass]
5. [Image Bishop marrying couple]

1. The Development of the Medieval Church and Papacy
1. [Map Holy Roman Empire, 962]
2. [Primary Source Foundation Charter of Cluny, 910]
3. [Secondary Discussion Gregory VII]
4. [Primary Source Lay investiture]
5. [Secondary Discussion Innocent III]
6. [Image Innocent III]
7. [Primary Source Albigensians]
8. [Image Trial by battle]

2. Intellectual Life: The Universities, Scholasticism
1. [Primary Source Abelard, Sic et Non, 1120]
2. [Primary Source Aquinas, Summa]
3. [Primary Source Scholastic philosophy: Anselm on God's]
4. [Secondary DiscussionAverroes]
5. [Image Averroes]
6. [Image Muslim Astronomers]

3. The Crusades; New Invasions; Europe by 1300
1. [Primary Source The Crusades]
2. [Map Map of Reconquista]
3. [Secondary Discussion Ottoman Turks]
4. [Primary Source Marco Polo]