[Map Imperialism and the Balance of Power]

LXXVIII. Imperialism: Its Nature and Causes

1. The New Imperialism
1. [Image Railway bridge in China]
2. [Secondary Discussion Satsuma rebellion, 1862]
3. [Image Choshu fort]
4. [Image 19th century Alexandria]

2. Incentives and Motives
1. [Primary Source Missionaries]
2. [Image Cotton mill, Shanghai, 1895]
3. [Image Rubber plantation in Dutch Java]
4. [Image Cheap labor: workers loading ship with coal, Nagasaki, 1895]
5. [Image Non-European products: Chinese tea]
6. [Primary Source J. A. Hobson, Imperialism, 1902]
7. [Image J. A. Hobson]
8. [Primary Source Vladimir Lenin, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of World Capitalism, 1916]
9. [Image Harvesting coffee in Brazil]
10. [Map British empire and investments]
11. [Image Joseph Chamberlain]
12. [Primary Source Joseph Chamberlain Preaches the Doctrine of Commercial Imperialism, 1893]
13. [Primary Source Kaiser Wilhelm II, A Place in the Sun, 1901]

3. Imperialism as Crusade
1. [Primary Source Friedrich Fabri, Does Germany Need Colonies?, 1879]
2. [Primary Source Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899]
3. [Image Rudyard Kipling]
4. [Image "The Yellow Peril"]
5. [Primary Source Jack London, "The Yellow Peril,? in Revolution, 1909]
6. [Primary Source Josiah Strong, On Anglo-Saxon Predominance, 1891]
7. [Primary Source William Bentinck, On Ritual Murder in India, 1829]
8. [Primary Source Dadabhai Naoroji, The Benefits and Detriments of British Rule, 1871]

LXXIX. The Americas

1. The United States and Mexico
1. [Image Austrian archduke Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico]
2. [Secondary Discussion Maximilian of Mexico]

2. United States Imperialism in the 1890s
1. [Secondary Discussion U.S. intervention in Latin America, 1823-1990]
2. [Primary Source Albert Beveridge, The March of the Flag, 1898]
3. [Primary Source Convention between the U.S. and Panama, 1903]
4. [Image Panama Canal]
5. [Primary Source U.S. Recognition of Cuban Independence, 1898]
6. [Image "Cuba," Puck cartoon, 1890s]
7. [Image "Yellow" press]
8. [Image The Maine destroyed]
9. [Image Rough Riders]
10. [Primary Source Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain, 1898]
11. [Map Philippine Islands]
12. [Primary Source The Rebellion in the Philippines, 1896]
13. [Primary Source President McKinley on the Philippines, 1900]
14. [Primary Source Platt Amendment, 1901]
15. [Image President Theodore Roosevelt]
16. [Primary Source "Roosevelt Corollary"]
17. [Image Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii]

LXXX. The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

2. The Ottoman Empire in the 1850s
1. [Map Decline of the Ottoman Empire]
2. [Secondary Discussion Capitulations]
3. [Secondary Discussion The Eastern Question]
4. [Image French army occupying Algeria]
5. [Image Railway and commerce in Algiers]
6. [Image Punch cartoon, 1879: Khedive of Egypt weighed down with debt]
7. [Image Mehemet Ali, his son Ibrahim, and Soliman-Pasha (Colonel Sèves)]

3. Attempts at Reform and Revival, 1856-1876
1. [Image Sultan's Palace, Constantinople]
2. [Secondary Discussion Young Turks]
3. [Image Abdul Aziz]
4. [Image Cartoon of Abdul Hamid II]

3. Repression after 1876
1. [Primary Source Bulgarian massacres of 1876]
2. [Secondary Discussion Armenian massacres of 1894]

4. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878: The Congress of Berlin
1. [Secondary Discussion Pan-Slavism]
2. [Image Fyodor Dostoevski]
3. [Image Fedor Tyutchev]
4. [Secondary Discussion Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78]
5. [Image Bulgarians welcoming Russian troops, 1877]
6. [Image Russian-Turkish naval engagement, 1877]
7. [Image Russo-Turkish War]
8. [Image Suez Canal]
9. [Primary Source Lord Roberts, When Queen Victoria Became Empress of India, 1877]
10. [Image Turks and Russians signing Treaty of San Stefano]
11. [Secondary Discussion Treaty of San Stefano]
12. [Image Bismarck and Disraeli at Congress of Berlin, 1877]
13. [Secondary Discussion Treaty of Berlin]
14. [Image Turkish silk factory]
15. [Image German military mission to Ottomans]
16. [Map Berlin to Baghdad railway]

4. Egypt and North Africa
1. [Image Cairo, 1894]
2. [Image Building the Suez Canal]
3. [Image Muhammad Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt]
4. [Image British occupation of Egypt, 1882]
5. [Primary Source Earl of Cromer, Why Britain Acquired Egypt, 1908]
6. [Image Algiers, 1894]
7. [Image Tunis, 1894]
8. [Image Tangier, Morocco, 1894]
9. [Primary Source Young Turks, Proclamation for the Ottoman Empire, 1908]

LXXXI. The Partition of Africa

1. [Image Ceremonial mask, Zaire]
2. [Secondary Discussion Great Zimbabwe]

1. The Opening of Africa
1. [Image David Livingstone]
2. [Primary Source Henry M. Stanley, How I Found Livingstone, 1871]
3. [Image Leopold II]
4. [Primary Source Berlin Conference, 1885]
5. [Map Congo Free State]
6. [Image Producing rubber]
7. [Image Producing cruelty]
8. [Primary Source Edward D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden, 1903]
9. [Primary Source A. E. Scrivener, Private Company Rule in the Congo, 1903]
10. [Primary Source Report of the British Consul, Roger Casement, on the Administration of the Congo Free State, 1904]
11. [Image Punch cartoon: King Leopold looking at skulls of dead Congolese]
12. [Image Real occupation: Hoisting the German flag in East Africa, 1885]
13. [Secondary Discussion hut tax]
14. [Image Ethos of imperialism: Education as white man's burden]

2. Friction and Rivalry between the Powers
1. [Map Italian empire]
2. [Image Battle of Adowa]
3. [Image Cartoon: Ethiopian emperor Menelik II and Italian General Baratieri]
4. [Map African Colonies]
5. [Primary Source Gustave Freensen, In the German South African Army, 1903-1904]
6. [Image German officer and African policeman, Cameroon]
7. [Map French West Africa predominant within French empire]
8. [Secondary Discussion Stephen Wooten, The French in West Africa]
9. [Image "Africa British from the Cape to Cairo"]
10. [Primary Source Rhodes Obtains a Concession in Southern Rhodesia, 1888]
11. [Image General Charles "Chinese" Gordon]
12. [Primary Source Alfred Egmont Hake, The Death of General Gordon at Khartoum, 1885]
13. [Image General Kitchener]
14. [Primary Source Winston S. Churchill, The Battle of Omdurman, 1898]
15. [Image French Cartoon: France as Little Red Riding Hood, Britain as the Big Bad Wolf]
16. [Map Cape Colony, Transvaal, Orange Free State]
17. [Image The Great Trek]
18. [Image Boers]
19. [Image Leander Starr Jameson]
20. [Image Paul Kruger]
21. [Map South African War]
22. [Image British trenches in Boer War]
23. [Image Krugersdorp concentration camp]
24. [Secondary Discussion Concentration camps of the South African War]
25. [Image British unpopularity in Europe: French postcard lampooning British soldier]
26. [Image British Unpopularity in the U.S.: Britain devouring African territory]
27. [Map Africa in the Early Twentieth Century]

LXXXII. Imperialism in Asia: The Dutch, the British, and the Russians

1. The Dutch East Indies and British India
1. [Image French Indochina banknote]
2. [Image Revolt in Dutch East Indies suppressed in 1880s]
3. [Image Dutch East Indies forced labor]
4. [Image British soldier and Indian Sepoy]
5. [Secondary Discussion Wahhabism]
6. [Primary Source Charles Creighton Hazewell, The Indian Revolt, 1857]
7. [Primary Source Elisa Greathed, An Account of the Opening of the Indian Mutiny at Meerut, 1857]
8. [Image Sepoy mutineers being executed by the British, 1857]
9. [Image East Bengal Railway, 1895]
10. [Image Indian National Congress]
11. [Primary Source Indian National Congress]
12. [Secondary Discussion All-India Muslim League]

2. Conflict of Russian and British Interests
1. [Image Vladivostok, 1895]
2. [Primary Source Prince Gortchakoff, Dispatch justifying conquest of Tashkent, 1864]
3. [Primary Source Anglo-Russian agreement, 1907]
4. [Image Persian nationalist revolution, 1905-06]

LXXXIII. Imperialism in Asia: China and the West

1. China before Western Penetration
1. [Primary Source Taiping Rebellion]
2. [Secondary Discussion Taiping Rebellion]

2. The Opening of China to the West
1. [Image Chinese opium smokers]
2. [Primary Source Lin Zixu, Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria, 1839]
3. [Primary Source British Foreign Secretary Palmerston, Instructions on opium, 1841]
4. [Image Opium War]
5. [Primary Source Treaty of Nanking, 1842]
6. [Primary Source Treaty of Tien-Tsin, 1858]
7. [Image European factories in Canton 1857]
8. [Map Treaty ports and foreign spheres in China]

3. Annexations and Concessions
1. [Map Burma]
2. [Image French Indochina, 1883]
3. [Image Vietnamese perspective of French invasion of Indochina, 1884]
4. [Image Chinese emperor's palace, Peiking, 1890s]
5. [Image Forbidden City]
6. [Image Sino-Japanese War of 1894]
7. [Image Trans-Siberian Railway]
8. [Map Trans-Siberian Railway]
9. [Primary Source Kaiser Wilhelm II and German Interests in China]
10. [Primary Source First Open Door Note]
11. [Primary Source Boxer Rebellion]
12. [Primary Source Yao Chen-Yuan, My Adventures During the Boxer War, 1900]
13. [Image Boxer]
14. [Primary Source Pierre Loti, When the Allies Entered Peking, 1900]
15. [Image Sun Yat-sen]

LXXXIV. The Russo-Japanese War and Its Consequences

1. [Primary Source The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1902]
2. [Image Japanese view of Russian imperialism]
3. [Image Port Arthur]
4. [Primary Source Japanese attack on Russians at Port Arthur, 1905]
5. [Primary Source Captain Vladimir Semenoff, Battle of Tsushima]
6. [Primary Source Treaty of Portsmouth]
7. [Image Russian Revolution of 1905]
8. [Map Nationalist revolution in China, 1911]