XXXXI. Backgrounds

1. The Old Regime: The Three Estates
1. [Image The Three Estates]
2. [Image Louis XVI]

2. The Agrarian System of the Old Regime
1. [Image Country people, 1756]

3. Political Culture and Public Opinion after 1770
1. [Image Literary discussion]

XXXXII. The Revolution and the Reorganization of France

1. The Financial Crisis
1. [Image Jacques Necker XVI]
2. [Secondary Discussion Charles de Calonne]

2. From Estates General to National Assembly
1. [Image Assembly of Notables]
2. [Primary Source Abbe Sieyes, What is the Third Estate?]
3. [Image Estates General]
4. [Image The Third Estate Awakens]
5. [Secondary Discussion Oath of the Tennis Court]
6. [Image Oath of the Tennis Court]

3. The Lower Classes in Action
1. [Primary Source Arthur Young, Travels in France, 1789]
2. [Image Taking of the Bastille]
3. [Secondary Discussion Taking of the Bastille]
4. [Image Marquis de Lafayette]
5. [Secondary Discussion National Guard]
6. [Website The French Tricolor]

4. The Initial Reforms of the National Assembly
1. [Primary Source Decree Abolishing the Feudal System]
2. [Image Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen]
3. [Primary Source Declaration of the Rights of Man]
4. [Primary Source Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man]
5. [Website Thomas Paine]
6. [Primary Source Olympe de Gouges, The Rights of Women]
7. [Website Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Woman]
8. [Image Return of Louis XVI to Paris ]
9. [Secondary Discussion Jacobin Club]

4. Constitutional Changes
1. [Map Departments of France]

5. Economic and Cultural Policies
1. [Primary Source Le Chapelier on Organisations of Workers]
2. [Image Civic festival]
3. [Image Liberty tree]
4. [Image Marianne]

6. The Quarrel with the Church
1. [Primary Source Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 1790]
2. [Image Charles de Talleyrand]

XXXXIII. The Revolution and Europe: The War and the "Second" Revolution, 1792

1. The International Impact of the Revolution
1. [Image William Wordsworth]
2. [Image Edmund Burke]
3. [Primary Source Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France]
4. [Primary Source Alexander Radischev, Voyage from St. Petersburg to Moscow]
5. [Image Marie Antoinette]
6. [Image Count of Artois]

2. The Coming of the War, April 1792
1. [Secondary Discussion Girondins]
2. [Image Francis I]

3. The "Second" Revolution: August 10, 1792
1. [Primary Source Brunswick Manifesto, 1792]
2. [Secondary Discussion Georges Jacques Danton]
3. [Image Marat]
4. [Primary Source Marseillaise]
5. [Primary Source Popular uprising of August, 1792]
6. [Image Tuileris Palace]
7. [Image September massacres]
8. [Primary Source September massacres]

XXXXIV. The Emergency Republic, 1792-1795: The Terror

1. The National Convention
1. [Primary Source National Convention]
2. [Secondary Discussion National Convention]
3. [Secondary Discussion Sans-culottes]
4. [Primary Source Execution of Louis XVI]

2. Background to the Terror
1. [Secondary Discussion Charles Dumouriez]
2. [Image Paris Commune]
3. [Secondary Discussion The Vendee]
4. [Map Resistance to the Revolution in 1793]
5. [Image Maximilien Robespierre]
6. [Primary Source Robespierre on virtue and terror]

3. The Program of the Convention, 1793-1794: The Terror
1. [Primary Source Committee of Public Safety]
2. [Image Louis Antoine de Saint-Just]
3. [Primary Source Saint-Just, Republican Institutes]
4. [Secondary Discussion The Terror during the French Revolution]
5. [Primary Source levee en masse]
6. [Image Toussaint L' Ouverture]
7. [Secondary Discussion The Revolution on Ste Domingue]
8. [Image Jacques Hebert]
9. [Secondary Discussion Festival of the Supreme Being]
10. [Primary Source Robespierre, The Cult of the Supreme Being]
11. [Tables Republican calendar and republican years]
12. [Primary Source Robespierre, Speech on the Festival of the Supreme Being]

4. The Thermidorian Reaction
1. [Secondary Discussion Thermidorian reaction]
2. [Primary Source Constitution of the Year III]

XXXXV. The Constitutional Republic: The Directory, 1795-1799

1. The Weakness of the Directory
1. [Image Member of Council of Five Hundred]
2. [Secondary Discussion "Gracchus" Babeuf]

2. The Political Crisis of 1797
1. [Image Napoleon Bonaparte]
2. [Primary Source Treaty of Campo Formio]

3. The Coup d'Etat of 1799: Bonaparte
1. [Secondary Discussion Battle of the Nile]
2. [Primary Source Coup d'etat of Brumaire]

XXXXVI. The Authoritarian Republic: The Consulate, 1799-1804

1. [Secondary Discussion Council of State]
2. [Map Treaty of Luneville]
3. [Secondary Discussion Fouche]

1. The Settlement with the Church; Other Reforms
1. [Primary Source Concordat]
2. [Secondary Discussion National Institute]
3. [Primary Source Civil Code]