| role | The culturally assigned behaviors and expectations for a person's social position.
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| status | A person's position in society.
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| ascribed status | The status a person is given at birth and over which that person has no control.
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| achieved status | A status position that is earned through an individual's skills, actions, and accomplishments.
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| descent group | A group of people who share identity and come from a common ancestor.
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| lineage | A unilineal descent group that traces its consanguineal relatives back to a common ancestor.
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| patrilineage | A unilineal descent group passed on through males and traced to a common male ancestor.
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| agnates | Members of a patrilineage.
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| matrilineage | A unilineal descent group with membership passed on through females and traced to a common female ancestor.
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| bilateral descent | Descent that is traced equally through both mother and father.
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| kindred | A term associated with bilateral descent where relatives calculate their degree of relationship to Ego. In a kindred, only siblings share the exact same set of relatives.
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| double descent | A descent system with two separate lines of descent that are both recognized at the same time.
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| ambilineal descent | A unilineal descent system in which some members of the society acquire and pass on descent affiliation through females, whereas others do so through males.
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| clan | A descent group consisting of two or more lineages that trace their origin to a mythical ancestor.
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| totem | Mythical ancestor or symbol of a clan.
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| phratry | A group of two or more clans that have a tie to one another, often based on a historical relationship; obligations and rights are expected between clans in this relationship.
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| moiety | An association that divides a society in half. Moiety affiliation is inherited unilineally and carries obligations to other members.
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| segmentary lineage | A descent group consisting of sublineage sets.
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| cross-cousin | Ego's mother's brother's child and father's sister's child.
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| parallel cousin | Ego's mother's sister's child and father's brother's child.
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| kinship term | A word that designates a social relationship between individuals who are related by blood or marriage.
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| bifurcate | The distinction within kinship systems where father's side and mother's side of the family are labeled and treated differently, splitting mother's side of the family from father's side of the family.
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